﻿Lepidoptera 
  collected 
  in 
  Madeira. 
  201 
  

  

  markings 
  reduced 
  somewhat. 
  Mr. 
  Wollaston 
  says, 
  

   " 
  Porto 
  Santo 
  specimens 
  are 
  permanently 
  smaller 
  than 
  

   in 
  Madeira 
  proper" 
  ('Variation 
  of 
  Species,' 
  p. 
  74). 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Leech 
  tells 
  me 
  that 
  Canary 
  specimens 
  are 
  quite 
  

   as 
  large 
  as 
  those 
  from 
  the 
  East. 
  

  

  Herr 
  S. 
  Alpheraky 
  writes, 
  in 
  vol. 
  v. 
  of 
  ' 
  Romanoff's 
  

   Memoires,' 
  p. 
  218, 
  "In 
  spite 
  of 
  the 
  opinion 
  of 
  lepi- 
  

   dopterists, 
  I 
  cannot 
  recognise 
  in 
  this 
  species 
  anything 
  

   else 
  than 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  our 
  European 
  atalanta 
  ,- 
  " 
  and 
  he 
  

   goes 
  on 
  to 
  base 
  his 
  arguments 
  mainly 
  on 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  

   Mr. 
  J. 
  H. 
  Leech 
  reared 
  live 
  atalanta 
  out 
  of 
  several 
  

   hundred 
  larvae 
  supposed 
  to 
  be 
  callirhoe. 
  This 
  really 
  

   proves 
  nothing 
  at 
  all, 
  for, 
  as 
  Mr. 
  Leech 
  tells 
  me, 
  he 
  

   made 
  no 
  special 
  notes 
  on 
  the 
  larvse, 
  and 
  did 
  not 
  take 
  a 
  

   description 
  of 
  them, 
  so 
  that 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  quantity 
  he 
  

   had 
  nothing 
  is 
  more 
  probable 
  than 
  that 
  the 
  five 
  were 
  

   overlooked, 
  especially 
  as 
  then 
  he 
  was 
  not 
  particularly 
  

   interested 
  in 
  the 
  species. 
  The 
  much 
  more 
  probable 
  

   solution 
  of 
  the 
  fact 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  species 
  being 
  found 
  

   together, 
  in 
  both 
  the 
  Madeiras 
  and 
  Canaries, 
  is 
  (as 
  

   Mr. 
  Leech 
  has 
  suggested) 
  that 
  callirhoe 
  is 
  the 
  indigenous 
  

   species, 
  and 
  that 
  atalanta 
  has 
  been 
  recently 
  introduced. 
  

   This 
  solution 
  is 
  also 
  strengthened 
  by 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  

   latter 
  is 
  a 
  very 
  much 
  scarcer 
  species, 
  whilst 
  the 
  former 
  

   is 
  abundant 
  in 
  both 
  groups 
  of 
  islands. 
  

  

  Dr. 
  Christ, 
  in 
  a 
  paper 
  on 
  the 
  " 
  Insects 
  of 
  Teneriffe 
  " 
  

   (Mitth. 
  d. 
  Schweizer 
  Ent. 
  Soc, 
  vol. 
  6, 
  p. 
  340), 
  says 
  that 
  

   callirhoe 
  holds 
  the 
  same 
  relation 
  to 
  atalanta 
  that 
  

   cheiranthi 
  does 
  to 
  hrassicce. 
  This, 
  certainly, 
  is 
  not 
  the 
  

   case 
  in 
  Madeira, 
  if 
  it 
  is 
  in 
  Teneriffe, 
  for 
  both 
  the 
  former 
  

   species 
  are 
  found 
  flying 
  together 
  in 
  Madeira, 
  whereas 
  

   only 
  Wollastoni 
  (the 
  Madeiran 
  form 
  of 
  brassiccs) 
  is 
  found 
  

   there, 
  for, 
  out 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  specimens 
  of 
  this 
  insect 
  before 
  

   me, 
  there 
  is 
  certainly 
  not 
  one 
  true 
  hrassicce. 
  Evidently, 
  

   therefore, 
  the 
  two 
  cases 
  are 
  not 
  analogous 
  in 
  this 
  

   instance. 
  

  

  Vanessa 
  cardui, 
  L. 
  

  

  Similar 
  to 
  the 
  ordinary 
  type, 
  but 
  perhaps 
  somewhat 
  

   paler 
  ; 
  common, 
  as 
  usual. 
  

  

  Argynnis 
  lathonia, 
  L. 
  

   Abundant, 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  usual 
  form. 
  

  

  