﻿338 
  Mr. 
  F. 
  Enock's 
  life-history 
  of 
  

  

  anchor-process, 
  is 
  placed 
  in 
  close 
  proximity 
  to 
  the 
  head 
  

   of 
  the 
  larva 
  in 
  the 
  third 
  stage 
  (Plate 
  XVI., 
  fig. 
  5), 
  and 
  the 
  

   fly 
  emerges 
  at 
  the 
  top 
  end, 
  it 
  proved 
  that 
  the 
  larva 
  in 
  its 
  

   third 
  stage 
  turns 
  head 
  to 
  tail 
  luithin 
  the 
  puparium, 
  and 
  its 
  

   head, 
  which 
  when 
  feeding 
  was 
  pressed 
  against 
  the 
  stem, 
  is 
  

   now 
  brought 
  to 
  the 
  opposite 
  side 
  and 
  end, 
  facing 
  outwards 
  

   and 
  upwards 
  (Plate 
  XVI., 
  figs. 
  9 
  to 
  16). 
  At 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  

   this 
  discovery 
  I 
  made 
  a 
  note 
  that 
  it 
  seemed 
  to 
  me 
  that 
  

   the 
  anchor-process 
  was 
  in 
  some 
  way 
  used 
  by 
  the 
  larva 
  to 
  

   assist 
  it 
  in 
  turning 
  round. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  following 
  day, 
  Sept. 
  7th, 
  1888, 
  I 
  examined 
  a 
  

   number 
  of 
  barley 
  plants, 
  removing 
  therefrom 
  all 
  the 
  full- 
  

   grovm 
  larvae, 
  of 
  which 
  there 
  were 
  great 
  numbers, 
  and 
  in 
  

   most 
  of 
  these 
  I 
  could 
  see 
  the 
  anchor-process 
  under 
  the 
  

   invaginated 
  head, 
  fully 
  confirming 
  the 
  previous 
  day's 
  

   discovery 
  ; 
  these 
  larvae 
  gradually 
  assumed 
  the 
  coarctate 
  

   state, 
  and 
  in 
  a 
  fortnight 
  had 
  become 
  of 
  a 
  chestnut 
  

   colour; 
  these 
  and 
  many 
  others 
  taken 
  from 
  the 
  barley 
  

   plants 
  I 
  fixed 
  to 
  a 
  piece 
  of 
  card 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  position 
  as 
  

   they 
  occupied 
  when 
  feeding 
  — 
  with 
  heads 
  downwards. 
  

  

  On 
  Sept. 
  7th 
  I 
  also 
  dissected 
  seven 
  puparia 
  collected 
  

   since 
  July 
  5th, 
  and 
  in 
  one 
  case 
  the 
  anchor-process 
  was 
  

   found 
  at 
  the 
  upper 
  end, 
  proving 
  beyond 
  a 
  doubt 
  that 
  the 
  

   larva 
  had 
  turned 
  round. 
  Another 
  which 
  I 
  dissected 
  

   revealed 
  the 
  true 
  pupa, 
  with 
  its 
  head 
  up 
  and 
  facing 
  

   outwards 
  ; 
  the 
  perfect 
  insect 
  emerged 
  in 
  about 
  ten 
  days 
  

   after, 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  six 
  a 
  little 
  later. 
  

  

  Of 
  the 
  puparia 
  fixed 
  on 
  card, 
  I 
  opened 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  at 
  

   regular 
  intervals 
  of 
  about 
  a 
  week 
  to 
  see 
  if 
  I 
  could 
  catch 
  

   a 
  larva 
  in 
  the 
  act 
  of 
  turning 
  round. 
  The 
  first 
  examined, 
  

   Sept. 
  13th, 
  had 
  the 
  anchor-process 
  still 
  at 
  the 
  lower 
  end, 
  

   and 
  subsequent 
  examinations 
  made 
  all 
  through 
  the 
  

   winter 
  and 
  up 
  to 
  April 
  5th, 
  1889, 
  showed 
  the 
  anchor- 
  

   process 
  to 
  be 
  still 
  at 
  the 
  lower 
  end 
  ; 
  but 
  on 
  April 
  20th 
  

   I 
  examined 
  some, 
  and 
  found 
  no 
  sign 
  of 
  anchor-process 
  

   at 
  the 
  lower 
  end, 
  so 
  dissected 
  the 
  other 
  end, 
  and, 
  on 
  

   removing 
  the 
  skin, 
  discovered 
  that 
  the 
  larva 
  had 
  turned 
  

   round, 
  the 
  anchor-process 
  now 
  being 
  seen 
  at 
  the 
  top 
  end 
  

   outwards 
  ; 
  and 
  all 
  examined 
  after 
  this 
  date, 
  xlpril 
  20th, 
  

   had 
  turned 
  round, 
  and 
  during 
  May 
  many 
  were 
  found 
  to 
  

   have 
  changed 
  to 
  pupre. 
  From 
  the 
  foregoing 
  observations 
  

   I 
  gather 
  that 
  when 
  the 
  larva 
  arrives 
  at 
  full 
  growth 
  and 
  

   leaves 
  oft' 
  feeding, 
  and 
  coincident 
  with 
  the 
  gradual 
  

   hardening 
  of 
  the 
  skin 
  and 
  change 
  of 
  colour 
  from 
  white 
  

   to 
  chestnut-brown, 
  is 
  the 
  wonderful 
  change 
  witJun 
  the 
  

  

  