﻿344 
  Mr. 
  F. 
  Enock's 
  life-history 
  of 
  

  

  that 
  careful 
  observations 
  can 
  be 
  made 
  of 
  the 
  anchor- 
  

   process, 
  &c., 
  for 
  attempts 
  to 
  dissect 
  tbem 
  from 
  the 
  

   puparia 
  entail 
  a 
  great 
  loss 
  of 
  time, 
  and 
  not 
  unfrequently 
  

   of 
  temper 
  also 
  ! 
  

  

  Mr. 
  G. 
  Palmer 
  has 
  after 
  each 
  harvest 
  sent 
  to 
  me 
  a 
  

   sack 
  of 
  screenings, 
  from 
  which 
  I 
  have 
  picked 
  great 
  

   numbers 
  of 
  puparia, 
  and 
  from 
  these 
  the 
  larvse 
  in 
  their 
  

   final 
  stage 
  have 
  crawled, 
  most 
  of 
  them 
  to 
  a 
  quiet 
  corner, 
  

   to 
  lie 
  dormant 
  until 
  April 
  or 
  May, 
  when 
  they 
  change 
  to 
  

   pupae; 
  but 
  a 
  few 
  change 
  very 
  quickly, 
  and 
  the 
  flies 
  

   emerge 
  in 
  September. 
  

  

  On 
  May 
  12th, 
  1888, 
  I 
  picked 
  out 
  about 
  thirty 
  puparia 
  

   from 
  the 
  1887 
  harvest, 
  placing 
  them 
  on 
  white 
  blotting- 
  

   paper 
  over 
  damp 
  sand 
  ; 
  five 
  hours 
  after 
  a 
  larva 
  was 
  

   working 
  its 
  way 
  out, 
  followed 
  by 
  others 
  in 
  an 
  hour 
  

   or 
  two, 
  and 
  several 
  more 
  the 
  following 
  day 
  (the 
  13th). 
  

   One 
  of 
  these 
  began 
  to 
  alter 
  in 
  shape, 
  the 
  body 
  elongating, 
  

   losing 
  the 
  wrinkled 
  appearance, 
  until 
  it 
  had, 
  on 
  the 
  14th, 
  

   at 
  6 
  a.m., 
  almost 
  regained 
  its 
  full-fed 
  larval 
  form 
  ; 
  the 
  

   skin 
  being 
  quite 
  tight, 
  the 
  mouth-organs 
  drawn 
  down 
  

   from 
  the 
  end 
  to 
  a 
  ventral 
  position, 
  and 
  all 
  so 
  tight 
  and 
  

   stretched 
  that 
  it 
  looked 
  like 
  bursting 
  ; 
  when 
  at 
  3 
  p.m. 
  

   I 
  placed 
  it 
  under 
  the 
  microscope 
  to 
  make 
  a 
  sketch 
  of 
  it. 
  

   Between 
  8 
  and 
  9 
  p.m. 
  it 
  began 
  twisting 
  and 
  straining, 
  

   particularly 
  its 
  head, 
  which 
  was 
  moved 
  backwards 
  and 
  

   forwards, 
  until 
  at 
  last, 
  at 
  9.30 
  p.m., 
  the 
  skin 
  split 
  over 
  

   the 
  mouth 
  and 
  towards 
  the 
  thorax 
  ; 
  this 
  effort 
  was 
  

   followed 
  by 
  a 
  short 
  rest, 
  then 
  more 
  twisting, 
  until 
  the 
  

   larva-skin, 
  with 
  its 
  anchor-process, 
  was 
  gradually 
  worked 
  

   down 
  the 
  abdomen, 
  and 
  it 
  rested 
  a 
  shrivelled 
  mass 
  

   around 
  the 
  anal 
  segments, 
  revealing 
  the 
  true 
  pupa, 
  

   which 
  at 
  first 
  was 
  perfectly 
  white, 
  with 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  

   a 
  brown 
  chitinous 
  projection 
  not 
  unlike 
  a 
  parrot's 
  beak, 
  

   occupying 
  the 
  place 
  of 
  the 
  cast-off 
  "anchor-process." 
  

   No 
  limbs 
  or 
  segments 
  were 
  visible 
  until 
  twelve 
  hom-s 
  

   after, 
  when 
  it 
  began 
  to 
  assume 
  a 
  most 
  delicate 
  pink 
  

   colour 
  ; 
  the 
  sutures 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  and 
  thorax 
  appeared 
  

   but 
  very 
  indistinctly. 
  Three 
  days 
  after. 
  May 
  17th, 
  the 
  

   pink 
  colour 
  was 
  decidedly 
  darker, 
  bringing 
  into 
  view 
  the 
  

   wings 
  and 
  leg- 
  cases. 
  Fourth 
  day 
  : 
  the 
  pupa 
  quite 
  rosy, 
  

   the 
  thorax 
  testaceous. 
  Fifth 
  day 
  : 
  I 
  made 
  careful 
  

   drawings 
  under 
  the 
  microscope 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  in 
  various 
  

   positions, 
  when 
  all 
  the 
  parts 
  were 
  verj^ 
  distinct. 
  These 
  

   changes 
  went 
  gradually 
  on, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  eighth 
  day 
  the 
  

   facets 
  in 
  the 
  eyes 
  became 
  visible, 
  and 
  dorsal 
  plates 
  darker. 
  

  

  