﻿346 
  Mr. 
  F. 
  Enock's 
  Ufe-kistonj 
  of 
  

  

  On 
  May 
  28th, 
  1889, 
  I 
  was 
  much 
  pleased 
  to 
  find 
  an 
  

   empty 
  pupa-case 
  protruding 
  from 
  the 
  top 
  end 
  of 
  one 
  of 
  

   the 
  infested 
  straws 
  (which 
  I 
  generally 
  cut 
  from 
  1 
  in. 
  to 
  

   Ig- 
  in. 
  above 
  the 
  bend), 
  and 
  another 
  pupa-case 
  sticking 
  

   out 
  below 
  the 
  bend. 
  Since 
  then 
  I 
  have 
  found 
  several 
  of 
  

   these 
  ''climbing 
  pupae," 
  which 
  work 
  their 
  way 
  up 
  between 
  

   the 
  leaf-sheath 
  and 
  stem 
  until 
  they 
  reach 
  an 
  opening; 
  

   these 
  observations 
  fully 
  confirm 
  those 
  made 
  by 
  Asa 
  Fitch. 
  

  

  The 
  great 
  power 
  the 
  pupse 
  possess 
  to 
  force 
  their 
  way 
  

   up 
  was 
  shown 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  experiment 
  : 
  on 
  April 
  18th, 
  

   1888, 
  I 
  buried 
  twenty-four 
  infested 
  straws 
  one 
  inch 
  deep 
  

   in 
  light 
  soil, 
  exposing 
  the 
  pot 
  to 
  all 
  sorts 
  of 
  weather, 
  and 
  

   on 
  June 
  11th 
  I 
  found 
  a 
  female 
  fly 
  on 
  the 
  gauze 
  covering; 
  

   it 
  had 
  managed 
  to 
  find 
  its 
  way 
  through 
  the 
  earth 
  some- 
  

   how, 
  but, 
  as 
  I 
  could 
  not 
  find 
  the 
  empty 
  pupa-case, 
  I 
  

   cannot 
  say 
  whether 
  the 
  fly 
  or 
  pupa 
  ascended. 
  On 
  

   July 
  3rd 
  I 
  examined 
  the 
  buried 
  straws, 
  and 
  found 
  several 
  

   puparia, 
  one 
  containing 
  a 
  pupa 
  about 
  four 
  daj^s 
  old. 
  

  

  Having 
  now 
  seen 
  almost 
  every 
  transformation, 
  I 
  was 
  

   most 
  anxious 
  to 
  observe 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  fly 
  from 
  the 
  pupa 
  

   in 
  situ, 
  and 
  for 
  this 
  purpose 
  I 
  arranged 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  

   infested 
  straws 
  stuck 
  into 
  pots 
  of 
  damp 
  sand, 
  and 
  in 
  such 
  

   position 
  that 
  I 
  could 
  examine 
  each 
  one 
  easily 
  and 
  quickhf, 
  

   for 
  the 
  first 
  appearance 
  of 
  a 
  pupa 
  might 
  take 
  place 
  in, 
  

   say, 
  the 
  No. 
  10 
  pot 
  while 
  I 
  was 
  going 
  over 
  No. 
  1 
  ; 
  in 
  fact, 
  

   this 
  happened 
  repeatedly, 
  until 
  on 
  June 
  7th, 
  at 
  6.45 
  p.m., 
  

   after 
  numerous 
  hours 
  of 
  morning 
  and 
  evening 
  exami- 
  

   nation, 
  I 
  was 
  fortunate 
  in 
  focussing 
  my 
  magnifier 
  upon 
  

   a 
  straw 
  which 
  seemed 
  to 
  shake 
  very 
  slightly. 
  I 
  continued 
  

   watching 
  it, 
  and 
  in 
  another 
  minute 
  or 
  two 
  I 
  saw 
  the 
  

   cuticle 
  of 
  the 
  leaf-sheath 
  begin 
  to 
  swell 
  at 
  a 
  tin}^ 
  point 
  

   just 
  above 
  the 
  joint, 
  as 
  though 
  something 
  was 
  pushing 
  

   it 
  outwards 
  and 
  downwards 
  ; 
  presently 
  a 
  small 
  brown 
  

   beak-like 
  process 
  appeared 
  and 
  disappeared, 
  but 
  as 
  

   quickly 
  came 
  into 
  view 
  again, 
  as 
  it 
  made 
  a 
  forward 
  

   curved 
  movement, 
  the 
  hard, 
  sharp, 
  chitinous 
  beak 
  cutting 
  

   through 
  the 
  sheath, 
  which 
  was 
  soon 
  widened 
  suflicientlj^ 
  

   to 
  permit 
  the 
  pupa 
  working 
  its 
  thorax 
  through 
  ; 
  then 
  a 
  

   rest, 
  followed 
  by 
  slight 
  twisting 
  and 
  contortions, 
  until 
  

   the 
  leg-sheaths 
  were 
  free 
  and 
  rested 
  against 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  

   the 
  stem, 
  so 
  forming 
  a 
  wonderful 
  bracket 
  or 
  support. 
  

   The 
  leaf-sheath 
  had 
  partially 
  closed, 
  and 
  gently 
  nipped 
  

   the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  pupa, 
  and 
  so 
  preventing 
  it 
  falling 
  out 
  — 
  

   another 
  of 
  those 
  perfect 
  provisions 
  of 
  Nature 
  which 
  cannot 
  

   fail 
  to 
  excite 
  feelings 
  of 
  intense 
  wonder 
  and 
  admiration 
  

  

  