﻿348 
  Mr. 
  F. 
  Enock's 
  life-history 
  of 
  

  

  or 
  four 
  hours 
  after 
  emerging 
  the 
  males 
  become 
  very 
  

   restless, 
  flymg 
  about 
  in 
  search 
  of 
  a 
  partner 
  ; 
  the 
  females 
  

   hang 
  to 
  the 
  under 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  leaves, 
  with 
  the 
  ovipositor 
  

   fully 
  extended, 
  and, 
  unless 
  disturbed, 
  they 
  appear 
  very 
  

   sluggish 
  ; 
  copulation 
  usually 
  takes 
  place 
  about 
  noon, 
  

   and 
  only 
  for 
  a 
  few 
  seconds. 
  Immediately 
  after, 
  the 
  

   female 
  flies 
  to 
  the 
  young 
  plants 
  or 
  fresh 
  leaves, 
  and 
  

   commences 
  ovipositing; 
  she 
  generally 
  alights 
  on 
  the 
  

   leaf, 
  and 
  quickly 
  crawls 
  to 
  the 
  upper 
  side, 
  keeping 
  her 
  

   head 
  towards 
  the 
  tip 
  of 
  the 
  leaf; 
  she 
  taps 
  the 
  surface 
  

   with 
  her 
  antennae, 
  and, 
  arching 
  her 
  abdomen 
  until 
  the 
  

   tip 
  touches 
  the 
  leaf, 
  she 
  appears 
  to 
  give 
  it 
  a 
  wiping 
  

   movement 
  towards 
  her 
  head, 
  and 
  in 
  so 
  doing 
  extrudes 
  

   an 
  egg 
  from 
  the 
  orifice, 
  which 
  is, 
  you 
  will 
  notice, 
  not 
  

   quite 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  ; 
  this 
  action 
  she 
  continues, 
  tapping 
  each 
  

   time 
  with 
  her 
  antennae 
  and 
  keeping 
  her 
  head 
  down 
  ; 
  

   sometimes 
  she 
  alights 
  on 
  the 
  stem, 
  and 
  crawls 
  ujd 
  until 
  

   she 
  reaches 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  leaf- 
  sheath, 
  when 
  she 
  arches 
  

   the 
  abdomen 
  so 
  much 
  that 
  the 
  tip 
  is 
  brought 
  between 
  

   her 
  front 
  legs, 
  and 
  she 
  seems 
  to 
  push 
  the 
  eggs 
  in 
  between 
  

   the 
  leaf-sheath 
  and 
  stem; 
  at 
  other 
  times 
  she 
  will 
  lay 
  

   them 
  right 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  tip 
  of 
  the 
  leaf. 
  When 
  once 
  a 
  

   female 
  has 
  started 
  ovipositing, 
  she 
  continues 
  at 
  it 
  in 
  the 
  

   most 
  business-like 
  manner, 
  passing 
  from 
  plant 
  to 
  plant 
  

   until 
  her 
  task 
  is 
  done, 
  when 
  she 
  appears 
  weak, 
  often 
  

   having 
  lost 
  or 
  broken 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  legs, 
  frequently 
  laying 
  

   her 
  eggs 
  on 
  the 
  stem 
  just 
  above 
  the 
  ground, 
  and 
  then, 
  

   when 
  quite 
  exhausted, 
  she 
  hides 
  away 
  in 
  the 
  earth 
  to 
  die. 
  

   They 
  are 
  very 
  careful 
  to 
  avoid 
  ovipositing 
  on 
  mouldy 
  

   leaves, 
  and 
  when 
  at 
  rest 
  both 
  male 
  and 
  female 
  keep 
  

   the 
  tarsal 
  joints 
  and 
  abdomen 
  close 
  down 
  to 
  the 
  surface 
  

   of 
  the 
  leaves. 
  

  

  On 
  Aug. 
  6th, 
  1888, 
  I 
  bred 
  one 
  male 
  and 
  three 
  females 
  

   from 
  one 
  pot 
  of 
  puparia 
  ; 
  these 
  I 
  placed 
  under 
  a 
  muslin 
  

   cylinder 
  enclosing 
  young 
  barley 
  plants, 
  upon 
  which 
  I 
  

   observed 
  each 
  female 
  ovipositing, 
  and 
  all 
  the 
  eggs 
  hatched 
  

   on 
  Aug. 
  12th. 
  

  

  On 
  Aug. 
  8th 
  three 
  more 
  virgin 
  flies 
  were 
  put 
  with 
  one 
  

   male, 
  and 
  with 
  the 
  same 
  result, 
  viz., 
  that 
  all 
  the 
  eggs 
  

   laid 
  hatched 
  four 
  days 
  after. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  7th 
  I 
  found 
  six 
  females 
  out 
  in 
  one 
  pot. 
  I 
  placed 
  

   these 
  under 
  another 
  cylinder 
  containing 
  one 
  male, 
  and 
  

   again 
  with 
  the 
  same 
  result, 
  each 
  female 
  ovipositing 
  on 
  

   separate 
  plants, 
  which 
  I 
  most 
  carefuU}^ 
  marked, 
  and 
  

   when 
  exammed 
  on 
  the 
  fourth 
  da}', 
  all 
  had 
  hatched. 
  

  

  