﻿the 
  Hessian 
  Fly. 
  351 
  

  

  days 
  after 
  the 
  resuscitated 
  larvae 
  had 
  worked 
  themselves 
  

   out, 
  having, 
  since 
  they 
  were 
  placed 
  on 
  damp 
  sand, 
  

   imbibed 
  sufficient 
  moisture 
  to 
  enable 
  them 
  to 
  apparently 
  

   entirely 
  recover 
  from 
  their 
  long 
  imprisonment. 
  These, 
  

   with 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  others 
  from 
  the 
  1887 
  screenings, 
  were 
  

   placed 
  in 
  the 
  usual 
  manner 
  on 
  blotting-paper 
  on 
  damp 
  

   sand, 
  so 
  that 
  I 
  could 
  observe 
  all 
  changes. 
  On 
  May 
  14th 
  

   I 
  noticed 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  had 
  assumed 
  a 
  faint 
  rosy 
  tint, 
  

   such 
  as 
  is 
  seen 
  on 
  a 
  three-days-old 
  pupa 
  ; 
  and 
  such 
  this 
  

   proved 
  to 
  be, 
  though 
  when 
  placed 
  under 
  the 
  microscope 
  

   I 
  discovered 
  that 
  the 
  larva 
  had 
  not 
  cast 
  its 
  skin, 
  the 
  

   anchor-process 
  and 
  everything 
  else 
  being 
  still 
  in 
  place. 
  

   In 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  days 
  I 
  observed 
  that 
  most 
  

   of 
  the 
  other 
  larvae 
  had 
  changed 
  colour, 
  and 
  in 
  each 
  

   instance 
  the 
  larva 
  had 
  been 
  unable 
  to 
  cast 
  the 
  skin 
  ; 
  and 
  

   yet, 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  this 
  impediment, 
  the 
  changes 
  in 
  the 
  

   pupae 
  went 
  on, 
  and 
  were 
  plainly 
  visible. 
  

  

  On 
  May 
  24th, 
  1889, 
  the 
  first 
  abnormal 
  pupa 
  had, 
  after 
  

   twisting 
  and 
  rolling 
  about 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  two 
  inches, 
  managed 
  

   to 
  cast 
  its 
  larval 
  skin 
  ; 
  and 
  a 
  day 
  or 
  two 
  after 
  the 
  thorax 
  

   split, 
  but 
  the 
  fly 
  did 
  not 
  seem 
  able 
  to 
  emerge, 
  and 
  died 
  

   in 
  situ. 
  Others 
  seemed 
  to 
  arrive 
  at 
  maturity, 
  and 
  yet 
  

   not 
  one 
  of 
  these 
  skin-clad 
  pupae 
  produced 
  a 
  fully- 
  

   developed 
  and 
  perfect 
  fly. 
  In 
  another 
  pot 
  I 
  placed 
  

   a 
  number 
  of 
  1887 
  puparia 
  just 
  as 
  I 
  picked 
  them 
  out, 
  

   and 
  from 
  these 
  a 
  perfect 
  male 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  emerged 
  

   May 
  9th. 
  The 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  screenings 
  I 
  put 
  into 
  a 
  flat 
  

   box 
  under 
  a 
  large 
  muslin 
  tent 
  out 
  in 
  the 
  garden, 
  where 
  

   they 
  were 
  exposed 
  to 
  all 
  sorts 
  of 
  weather, 
  with 
  very 
  

   heavy 
  rain. 
  

  

  On 
  June 
  3rd 
  the 
  first 
  male 
  emerged, 
  followed 
  by 
  a 
  

   number 
  of 
  both 
  sexes 
  until 
  July 
  2nd, 
  when 
  the 
  last 
  (a 
  

   female) 
  made 
  her 
  appearance. 
  I 
  had 
  sown 
  some 
  barley 
  

   under 
  the 
  tent, 
  and 
  upon 
  this 
  being 
  pulled 
  up 
  I 
  found 
  a 
  

   number 
  of 
  larvae 
  of 
  various 
  sizes 
  about 
  the 
  crown 
  of 
  the 
  

   plants. 
  Now, 
  if 
  we 
  X3ut 
  down 
  May 
  15th 
  as 
  being 
  about 
  

   the 
  time 
  when 
  eggs 
  are 
  laid 
  by 
  the 
  first 
  brood, 
  we 
  find 
  

   that 
  some 
  of 
  these 
  Hessian 
  Flies 
  bred 
  from 
  1887 
  harvest 
  

   had 
  been 
  quite 
  two 
  years 
  in 
  the 
  puparia 
  ! 
  

  

  Having 
  now 
  given 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  my 
  observations 
  upon 
  

   the 
  life-history 
  and 
  economy 
  of 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly, 
  I 
  will 
  

   endeavour 
  to 
  show 
  that 
  something 
  might 
  be 
  done 
  to 
  keep 
  

   down 
  and 
  arrest 
  the 
  increase 
  of 
  this 
  most 
  injurious 
  

   insect. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  first 
  place, 
  I 
  beg 
  to 
  call 
  your 
  attention 
  to 
  

  

  