﻿( 
  503 
  ) 
  

  

  XXI. 
  Effect 
  of 
  change 
  of 
  climate 
  upon 
  the 
  emergence 
  of 
  

   certain 
  species 
  of 
  Lepidoptera. 
  By 
  Gervase 
  F. 
  

   Mathew, 
  Fleet 
  Paymaster, 
  Eoyal 
  Navy, 
  F.L.S., 
  

   F.Z.S., 
  &c. 
  

  

  [Read 
  October 
  7tli, 
  1891.] 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  1st 
  January, 
  1891, 
  H.M.S. 
  * 
  Tyne 
  ' 
  left 
  Ports- 
  

   mouth 
  for 
  Hong 
  Kong, 
  arriving 
  at 
  Portsmouth 
  again, 
  

   on 
  her 
  return 
  voyage, 
  on 
  the 
  2nd 
  May. 
  At 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  

   our 
  departure 
  I 
  had 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  pupae 
  of 
  several 
  kinds 
  

   of 
  Lepidoptera, 
  which 
  were 
  obtained, 
  when 
  larvse, 
  at 
  

   Chatham 
  and 
  Sheerness 
  in 
  September, 
  and 
  a 
  few 
  pupae, 
  

   dug 
  at 
  Staplefield, 
  Sussex, 
  in 
  August, 
  1890. 
  

  

  As 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  the 
  effect 
  of 
  change 
  of 
  climate 
  on 
  

   these 
  pupae 
  has 
  been 
  somewhat 
  curious, 
  perhaps 
  the 
  

   subjoined 
  table 
  of 
  dates 
  of 
  emergence 
  and 
  temperatures 
  

   will 
  be 
  of 
  some 
  interest. 
  

  

  Everyone 
  will 
  remember 
  that 
  last 
  winter 
  was 
  an 
  

   excessively 
  severe 
  one. 
  The 
  cold 
  weather 
  began 
  on 
  the 
  

   26th 
  November, 
  and 
  continued 
  throughout 
  December. 
  

   At 
  Portsmouth 
  on 
  the 
  1st 
  January, 
  and 
  at 
  Plymouth 
  on 
  

   the 
  2nd 
  January, 
  it 
  was 
  somewhat 
  milder, 
  and 
  there 
  

   were 
  indications 
  of 
  a 
  break 
  up 
  of 
  the 
  frost 
  ; 
  but 
  the 
  

   change 
  was 
  not 
  sustained, 
  for 
  a 
  couple 
  of 
  days 
  after 
  we 
  

   left 
  Plymouth 
  the 
  cold 
  weather 
  set 
  in 
  again 
  with 
  renewed 
  

   vigour, 
  and 
  lasted 
  well 
  on 
  into 
  February. 
  On 
  our 
  

   passage 
  to, 
  and 
  through 
  the 
  Mediterranean, 
  the 
  tempera- 
  

   ture 
  was 
  comparatively 
  low, 
  and 
  the 
  snow 
  upon 
  the 
  

   mountain 
  ranges 
  of 
  Spain 
  and 
  Northern 
  Africa 
  was 
  

   lower 
  down 
  the 
  slopes 
  than 
  has 
  been 
  noticed 
  for 
  some 
  

   years. 
  At 
  Malta 
  the 
  nights 
  were 
  quite 
  cold, 
  and 
  we 
  did 
  

   not 
  get 
  into 
  really 
  warm 
  weather 
  until 
  we 
  had 
  passed 
  

   through 
  the 
  Suez 
  Canal 
  into 
  the 
  Bed 
  Sea. 
  

  

  TRANS. 
  ENT. 
  SOG. 
  LOND. 
  1891. 
  — 
  PART 
  IV. 
  (dEC.) 
  

  

  