Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 341 



Order LXXXIII. SCEOPHULAEIACB^. 

 [By D. Pkain.] 



Herbs or shrubs, occasionally epiphytic, sometimes semi-parasitic. 

 Leaves all or only the lower opposite, rarely all alternate or whorled, 

 occasionally all radical, sub-rosulate ; stipules 0. Floiuers hermaphro- 

 dite, usually irregular ; inflorescence centripetal or composite. Calyx 

 inferior, 5-, rarely 4-lobed or -partite. Corolla hypogynous, more or 

 less 2-lipped or occasionally personate ; upper lip entire or 2-lobed, 

 lower 3-lobed. Stamens epipetalous, usually 4, didynamous or rarely 

 sub-equal, occasionally only 2, very rarely 5 ; anthers 2-celled, cells 

 distinct or apically or entirely confluent, or 1-celled by abortion, often 

 when stamens didynamous with anthers connivent and sometimes with 

 their apices connate in a posterior and an anterior pair. Dish annular, 

 cupular, or glandular. Ovary superior, 2-celled ; ovules usually 

 numerous in each cell, anatropous or amphitropous ; style simple ; 

 stigma capitate or dilated, simple ; occasionally 2-lobed or 2-lamellate. 

 Fruit usually a capsule, rarely a berry ; placentas sometimes persistent 

 on a central axis, at others attached to margins of valves. Seeds small 

 with a lateral or ventral hilum ; albumen fleshy, rarely absent ; embryo 

 straight or curved. — Disteib. Species 2,000 or more, in all regions. 



Angelonia grandiflora, C. Morr., an American species, has become naturalised as 

 an escape from gardens in Selangor [Goodenough in Herb. Eidley 10486) ; it has long 

 been similarly naturalised in Tenasserim and the Irawadi Delta, and has more 

 recently become established in the Gangetic Delta. 



Corolla with upper lip or two upper lobes outmost in bud : — 

 Stamens 4, fertile : — 

 AH 4 filaments inserted within corolla-tube : — 



Trees or epiphytes . . . . . . . . 1. Wightia. 



Herbs : — 



Throat of corolla plicate, f onning a 2-lobed palate ; anther- 

 cells contiguous, divaricate . . . . . . 2. Mazus. 



Throat of corolla not plicate : — 

 Anther-cells discrete, stipitate ; corolla distinctly 2- 

 lipped : — - 



Upper lobe of calyx distinctly exceeding the others ; 

 2 or sometimes all the anthers with one cell imperfect 3. Adenosma. 

 Upper lobe of calyx hardly if at all exceeding the 

 others ; all 4 stamens with perfect anthers . . 4. Limnophtla. 



Anther-cells contiguous; lateral calyx-lobes much 

 narrower than the other thi-ee ; corolla sub-equally 

 5-lobed . . . . . . . . . . 5. Herpestis. 



Only 2 posterior filaments inserted within corolla-tube ; the 

 anterior pau- inserted on corolla-throat : — 



Calyx with 3 to 5 distinct ridges or wings . . . . 6. Toeenia. 



