406 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 
formed of the enlarged hardened bracts and bracteoles, which to- 
gether make 2-valved cavities en losing the achenes; achenes 
compressed, thin above and with many spiral vessels, crustaceous 
below, winged terminally and tipped by the style. Seed by abortion 
solitary, laterally attached; testa membranous; albumen 0; coty- 
jedons flat, equal, fleshy: radicle superior.—DistRis. 1 genus. 
1. CasuaRINA, Forst. 
Characters of the Family. 
Distriz. About 23 species, chiefly Australian, a few only 
Malayan and Pacific, one extending to the E. Coast of the Bay of 
Bengal. 
1. CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA, Forst. Char. Gen. 103, t. 53 
(1776). A very tall tree with drcoping branches. the younger ones 
covered with the recurved remains of the scales; branchlets fili- 
form, internodes about 4—6 mm. long, sheaths with 6—8 scales 
(leaves) usually 8. Flowers moncecious: o spikes cylindric or 
elongate-clavate, 1:5—2 cm. long, flowers in whorls of usually 8 ; 
bracteoles lanceolate-penicillate; perianth lobes unequal, hooded: 
? in subglobose heads about 5 mm. long, bracteoles minute. 
Fruit cones globular-oblong about 1 cm. in diam., with about 
12 rows of achenes in puberulous hardened bracts. Mig. Fl. Ind. 
Bat I.; 875 and in DC. Prodr. XVI. ii. 338; Brandis For. FI. 
435 and Ind. Trees, 620; Kurz For. Fl. IL. 494; Benth. & Von 
Mueller Fl. Austral. VI. 197; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 538; Engl. 
& Prantl] Naturl. Pflanzenfam. Ill. i. 17, Fig. 15 A—L; Koord. 
& Val. Bijde X. 272; Koord. Exkurs:” FE) Saye ie bain 
Beng. Plants 985. C. muricaia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ILI. 519; Wall. Cat. : 
6815. C. littorea, Rumph. Herb. Amb. III. 86, t. 57. 
Panane: at Pekan and Sungei Meang, Aidley!.—Disrris. Coast 
of the Bay of Bengal, from Chittagong southwards; coast of the China 
sea; Malay Archipelago, Pacific Islands, Australia, elsewhere fre- 
quently cultivated in most tropical regions. 
Family CXV. FAGACEA. 
Trees or rarely shrubs. JLeares simple, alternate, penninerved, 
entire toothed or lobed; stipules free, caducous. Flowers minute, 
usually monoecious, occasionally dicecious, sometimes herma 
phrodite; males in erect or pendulous catkins or spikes or rarely 
