416 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 
Cupules depressed, completely covered with 
rather soft spines which are hooked at the 
apex; leaves subcoriaceous, entire .- 29. P. Wray. 
Cupules more or less conical with numerous 
tufts or broken lines of sharp spines; leaves 
coriaceous, entire; « spikes fairly stout, 
perianth-lobes nearly free ae . 30. P. discocarpa. 
Cupules obliquely ovoid with oblique rings 
of sharp spines: leaves coriaceous, entire 
or serrate in the upper half; # spikes 
almost filiform, perianth-lobes free .. 31. P. acuminatissima. 
Cupules smooth, with few faint rings or none. 
Cupules with faint rings, and obscure vertical 
lines between; leaves chartaceous, elliptic; 
fruit pedicels very thick 2 . 32. P. encleisacarpa. 
Cupules without rings but with vertical ke 5 
leaves coriaceous, lanceolate; fruits sessile 33. P. Robinsontt. 
Cupules enveloping the acorn except the umbo and 
adhering to it for some distance above the base ; 
ringed or tubercled concentrically or obliquely (Sect. 
TV. LrrHocaRPUs). 
Fruits pyriform ; flattened and umbonate at top; 
cupule obscurely lamellate, completely enclosing 
the sericeous thin top of the pericarp ; acorn sepa- 
rable only at the top; leaves coriaceous, oblong 34. P. Maingayit. 
Fruits ovoid or obovoid, narrowed towards the 
apex; cupule with 5—7 slightly prominent 
lamellae; leaves subcoriaceous, lanceolate .. 35 P. Beccariana. 
1. PASANIA LAPPACEA, Oerst. in Kjoeb. Vidensk. Meddel. 84 
(1866). A tree with spreading branches reaching 18—24 m. in 
height and about 60cm. in diam. of stem ; branchlets fairly stout, 
greyish, sparsely tomentose, young ones, young leaves and inflores- 
cence thickly and villously fuscous-tomentose. Leaves membra- 
nous; oblong-lanceolate or -oblanceolate, caudate-acuminate at 
apex, acutely attenuate sometimes unequally at base; margins 
entire; upper surface puberulous when young, afterwards glab- 
rescent except the midrib and nerves, lower pubescent especially 
on the midrib and nerves; 10O—25 cm. long, 4—8 cm. broad; mid- 
rib prominent, raised on both surfaces; main nerves 12—16 pairs, 
nearly parallel, usually impressed above, at first straight, then 
curved close to the margin to run parallel with it ; transverse nervules 
many, subparallel, enclosing an areolate reticulation; petiole rather 
stout, pubescent, 5—7 mm. long. Spikes simple, solitary, axillary, 
slender, up to 20 cm. long, tawny-villous; ¢ most frequent and 
longest, and lowest, upper ones usually 2, some partly 3 partly 
