Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 453 
ovoid cr obovoid, up to 7 cm. long, 4.cm. in diam., in short spikes 
with a stout fulvous-puberulous rhachis; cupules woody, thick- 
walled, closely enveloping the whole acorn except the styles and 
partly adnate to it, ringed externally with 5—7 prominent rings 
joined by many obscure longitudinal lines; acorn ovoid with very 
hard pericarp. Quercus Beccariana, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 
1315 (1880; ; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. V. 617; King Ann. Cale. II. 83, 
t. 78. 
Srncapore: Murton 61! ‘‘ abundant, the wood very brittle and 
useless.”’—Distris. Borneo (Beccari 3310!). 
3. CASTANOPSIS, Spach. 
Trees, rarely shrubs, deciduous or evergreen. Leaves entire 
toothed or lobed. Flowers monecious, in erect spikes, bracts small : 
spikes usually either ¢ or 2 only, sometimes androgynous. Peri- 
anth cup-shaped, lobes usually 6. Stamens usually 12, sometimes 
less, at the base of the perianth-cup, filaments slender; anthers 
small, ovate or globose. Pistillode in ¢ flowers a villous cushion. 
Ovary atter fertilization 3-celled ; ovules 2 in each cell; styles 3, 
cylindric, stigma a terminal pore as in Pasania. Fruit of 1—4 
ovoid or plano-convex nuts covered by the closed fruiting involucre 
(cupule) and sometimes (when 1] nut) adnate to it, the involucre 
irregularly dehiscent and covered in more or less cyclic arrange- 
ment with clusters of spines or tubercles; pericarp of nuts where 
free from the involucre coriaceous. Seeds usually 1 to each nut.— 
Distris. One species in N. America, the rest of tropical or sub- 
tropical Asia. 
Nuts usually 3, not adherent to the cupule. 
Fruit-cupules more or less covered with spines. 
Spines of the fruit 1 cm. long or more, needle- 
like, hairy, in dense tufts covering very nearly 
the whole cupule and concealing its surface. 
Spines shortly strigose-hairy; leaves ovate, 
under 10 cm. long, 4 cm. broad, minutely 
tawny puberulous beneath .. -. IL. C. malaccensis. 
Spines with long shaggy hairs; leaves ellip- 
tic, usually over 10 cm. long, 4 cm. broad, 
densely ferruginous-pubescent beneath .. 2. C. Scortechiniz. 
Spines of the fruit at most 1 cm. long, subulate, 
minutely tawny-pubescent, in scattered tufts 
or rough lines covering the cupule partly. 
Nuts usually 3, spines about 5 mm. long in 
