Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 471 
J. Mutter. Euphorbiacee in D.C. Prodr. XV, ii, 189-1273, (published 
1862-66). 
J. D. Hooxrer. Euphorbiaceae in FI, Brit. Ind. V, 239-477, (published 
1887). 
J. J. Smita. Euphorbiaceae in Koorders and Valeton Boomsorten of 
Java, Bijd. No. 12, 9-637, (published in 1910). 
To economise space in referring to those four works, only the author’s 
name and page number are given, the name of the work and the year of publi- 
cation being understood. As these four works should be at the disposal of any 
systematic student of Malayan Euphorbiaceae, no citations—apart from the 
more important synonyms—appearing in any of them and accepted by me 
as correct, are repeated in this account. Only such of the more important 
synonyms as I have verified or have reason to believe are correct are given. 
Citations of works other than the four mentioned above are given in full, 
The most important collections from the Malayan Peninsula have been 
made by Curtis, Kunstler, Ridley, Scortechini and Wray. On the specimen 
tickets Kunstler’s own name seldom appears, his identity being hidden usually 
as ‘‘ Dr. King’s Collector.”” To save space in the quotation of sheets, the 
letters C., KC., R., S. and W. are used to denote respectively Curtis, Kunstler 
or King’s Collector, Ridley, Scorteehini and Wray. The surnames of other 
collectors are given in full. The numbers quoted for sheets collected by 
Griffith and Maingay are the numbers under which those sheets were distributed 
from Kew Herbarium. 
In the descriptions the colours mentioned are the colours in the dried state 
unless otherwise mentioned. Under ‘‘leaves”’ the word ‘‘ nerves” without 
any qualifying adjective means lateral nerves; the numbers of nerves men- 
tioned in any description of leaves are the numbers counted on one side of the 
midrib on the lower surface of the leaf. The word ‘‘ nervules’’ without any 
qualifying adjective means the secondary nerves connecting the primary 
lateral ones. ‘‘ Reticulation’’ means the network formed by the ultimate 
veinlets filling the internervular spaces. The signs ‘‘ +—”’ signify ‘‘ more or 
less.”’ 
The seeds of very many species, especially of those with l-seeded ca- 
pillary loculi, have a +— convex dorsal and 2 ventro-lateral surfaces, the 
latter varying from almost plane to convex in various degrees and separated 
by a mesial longitudinal ridge which may be of various degrees of acuteness or 
obtuseness. Such seeds have a general resemblance to a headless beetle, except 
of course that in beetles there is usually no distinct mesial ventral ridge. The 
term ‘“‘ scarabaeoid”’ is used to indicate briefly the form of such seeds in the 
generic and specific descriptions. 
SYNOPSIS OF TRIBES, SUBTRIBES AND GENERA. 
The separation by exclusive characters of the various tribes and subtribes 
to which Euphorbiaceae have been divided by different botanists is by no 
means easy, as @ study of the tribal and subtribal characters given in 
Genera Plantarum, in the Flora of British India and in the Pflanzenfamilien 
proves. The divisions here adopted follow in the main Pax’s arrangement 
in the Pflanzenfamilien (Teil, III Abt. 5) with diagnostic and other modifica- 
