494 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 
delia and a Cleistanthus. See note under B. cinnamomea. Gehrmann unites B. 
penangiana with B, Grifithit, a course that I am not disposed to follow. B. 
Grifithit has considerably larger flowers than B. penangiana and is a scandent 
shrub, whereas B. penangiana is a tree reaching to a height of 16 m. 
CLEISTANTHUS, Hook. f. 
Shrubs or trees, with terete or subterete branchlets rarely angled 
and with alternate, bifarious, caducously or persistently stipulate, 
shortly-petioled leaves. Lamine entire, penninerved; nerves sub- 
opposite or alternate, at acute angles with the midrib, directed out- 
wards and forwards with + —curving usually to anastomose in loops 
near the margin, rarely (in C. bracteosus) distinct to the margin ; 
cross-nervules subparallel to irregular; reticulation irregularly poly- 
gonal. Flowers monoecious, with a+ —turbinate or obconic torus, 
small, in axillary bracteolate clusters, often strung along small-leaved 
twigs. ¢ flowers with calyx divided halfway or rather more than 
halfway down into 4—5 sepals valvate in bud or slightly imbricate 
at the apex; petals 5, minute, + —spathulate or ovate or obovate or 
cuneate, with entire or subcrenulate margin ; stamens 5, inserted on 
a usually short column surrounding the subconically ovoid entire or 
shortly trifid pistillode; anthers erect in bud, introrse, dehiscing 
longitudinally, dorsi-fixed, versatile; disk lining the lower part of 
calyx, entire or+ —dentate. ? flowers with calyx and corolla as 
in the ¢ and persistent in fruit; ovary 3-locular; styles 3, free or 
+ -—connate, shortly bifid rarely simple; disk lining the lower part 
of calyx and giving off an inner crenulate, dentate, or + —lobed 
annulus, which surrounds the ovary and+—conceals it; stami- 
nodes 5, extremely minute, scalelike, in a circle at base of inner sur- 
face of disk. Fruit a dry 3-locular 3-sulcate capsule, sessile on or 
+ —stipitate from the persistent perianth, dehiscing into 3 bi-valved 
rounded cocci, leaving a central columella with pentagonal base ; 
cocci each with a mesial sutural line; endocarp horny, separable 
from the thin pericarp. Seeds subtrigonously ovoid, with a convex 
subcarinate dorsal surface and two ill-defined ventro-lateral surfaces, 
smooth, glabrous; apex subacute; base obtuse and often excavate ; 
albumen mostly scanty ; cotyledons broad, folded. Distris. Tropi- 
cal Africa, India, Ceylon, Indo-China, Philippines, Malayan Archi- 
pelago, Australia. Species about 80. 
Flower clusters in axils of bialate bracts .. .. IL. C. bracteosus. 
Flower clusters not in axils of bialate bracts. 
Flowers elongate, slenderly pseudopedicellate ; fruits 
on long slender pedicels .. a .. 2 ©, pedtcellatus, 
