Geology and Fossil Flora of P. F. I. 155 



as Calamite* suckovii, C. cistii, C. cannceformis, Dadoxylon 

 acadianum and Trigonocarpum, associated, however, with 

 plants of a Permian character. 



Secondly. — A middle series, reposing conformably, or nearly 

 so, on the last, and consisting of 2,000 feet of red sandstones and 

 shales, — the shales, and also calcareous sandstones, predominating 

 in the lower part. This series is distributed over the greater 

 part of the Island. It is of greatly reduced thickness in the 

 western parts. It contains plants of a decidedly Permian 

 character, as Walchia, Calamites gigas, Fecopteris arlorescens, 

 great numbers of stems of Araucarites evidently allied to Walchia, 

 and the impressions of large, thick leaves that look like Noegge- 

 rathia, with Dadoxylon edvardianum of Triassic affinity. 

 The beds are disturbed slightly by three lines of anticlinal, running 

 parallel with the Cobequid range of mountains. The disintegra- 

 tion of the great shale beds of the lower part of this series has 

 caused the separation of Prince Edward Island from the mainland* 

 At what appears to be the summit of the series is a bed of 

 quartzose conglomerate, which is pretty extensively distributed, 

 being found in the synclinal on the Murray Harbor road, about 

 the head waters of North River, and other localities in the centre 

 of the Island. 



Thirdly. — A horizontal series of red sandstones and shales, not 

 distinguishable lithologically from the last, except it be by more 

 regular bedding, and appearing to repose unconformably on the 

 denuded strata of the most northern anticlinal of the Permian. 

 Greatest thickness observed, 150 feet. 



So far as yet ascertained, the plants found in this series are 

 mostly specifically distinct from those of the lower rocks. But 

 there is a generic relationship, especially with those of the middle 

 series. This is seen in the few better preserved specimens, and 

 also in the numerous fragments and obscure markings. Adding 

 to the general specific distinctness of its plants the fact, that this 

 series yielded the remains of Bathygnathus borealis, we are in- 

 clined to consider it the representative of the Triassic. Its beds are 

 best seen on the north shores of the Island, about New London 

 and eastward ; but their exact distribution is very difficult to 

 determine, owing to their general conformability to the under- 

 lying Permian. A good and typical exposure of this series- 

 occurs at Cape Turner on the north shore of the Island. 



