Orthography for Place-Names. 



249 



Letters. 



Pronunciation and Remarks. 



Examples. 



i 



English e; i as in ravine; the sound 







of ee in beet. Thus, not Feejee, but 



Fiji, Hindi 







o as i n mote 



Tokio 



u 



long u as in flute; the sound of oo in 







boot. Thus, not Zooloo, but 



Zulu, Sumatra 





All vowels are shortened in sound by 



Yarra, Tanna, Mec- 





doubling the following consonant. 



ca, Jidda, Bonny 





Doubling of a vowel is only necessary 







where there is a distinct repetition of 







the single sound 



Nuulua, Oosima 



ai 



English i as in ice 



Shanghai 

 Fuchau 



au 



ow as in how. Thus, not Foochow, but 



ao 



is slightly different from above 



Macao 



ei 



is the sound of the two Italian vowels, 

 but is frequently slurred over, when 

 it is scarcely to be distinguished from 







ey in the English they 



Beirut, Beilul 



b 



English 6. 





c 



is always soft, but is so nearly the 

 sound of s that it should be seldom 

 used. {Celebes should be written Se- 







lebes.) 



Celebes 



ch 



is al ways soft, as in church 



Chingchin 



d 



English d. 



f 



English f. Ph not to be used for the 







sound of f. Thus, not Haiphong, but 



Haifong, Nafa 



f 



is always hard. (Soft g is given byj.). 



Galapagos 



is always pronounced when inserted. 





J 



English j. Dj should never be put for 







this sound 



Japan, Jinchuen 



k 



English k. It should always be put for 





the hard c. Thus, not Corea, but.... 



Korea 



kh 



The Oriental guttural 



Khan 



• gh 



is another guttural, as in the Turkish 



Dagh, Ghazi 



1, m, n 



As in English. 





D g 



has two separate sounds, as in finger 

 and singer. As the sounds are rarely 

 employed in the same locality, no 

 attempt is made to distinguish them. 





P 



As in English. 





q 



should never be employed ; qu is given 







as Tew 



Kwangtung 



r,e,t,v, ) 

 w, x \ 



As in English. 



y 



always a consonant, as in yard, and 

 should not be used as a terminal, 







i or e being substituted. 



Kikuyu 





Thus, not Mikindany, Kwaly, but 



Mikindani, Kwale 



z 



English z 



Zulu 



