EDITORS INTRODUCTION. 



19 



base of the upper mandible, named the cere, in which the nostrils are placed, while around the eye 

 is a space, often denuded of feathers, called the ophthalmic region ("). 



The Head is that part which lies immediately over the skull, extending from the base of the beak 

 to the commencement of the neck. The front or forehead ( 12 ) is that part of the head which lies 

 close above the nostrils ; then follows the crown or summit ( 17 ), which occupies the middle or centre 



Fig. 13.— ORNITHOLOGICAL REGIONS OF THE BODY OF A SMALL BIRD. 



1. Upper Mandible. 



2. Lower Mandible. 



3. Nostrils. 



4. Ridge, or Culmen. 



5. Commissure, or cutting edges 



of the Mandibles. 



6. Apex, or point of the Beak. 



7. The Chin. 



8. Upper Throat. 



9. Keel, or Gonys. 



o. ") Coloured Bands, usual 1 }' 

 1. > called Bridles and Stripe:. 



12. The Forehead. 



15. The Gape, or Rictus. 



14. Space around the Eye. 



15. Lower Throat. 



16. Superciliary Region. 



17. Crown, Summit, or Vertex. 

 iS. Hind Head, or Occipital Re- 

 gion. 



19. The Nape, or Nucha. 



20. The Ear, or Ear-feathers. 



21. The Throat. 



22. The Breast. 



»3- 



The Neck above, or Upper 



34- 



Secondary Quills, or Second- 





Neck. 





aries. 



24. 



The Back, or Mamie. 



35- 



Primary Quills, or Primaries. 



=5- 



Scapular Wing-covers. 



36. 



The Shoulder Margin. 



26. 



Lower Back, or Ter^um. 



37- 



Wing Covers. 



27. 



The Shoulder. 



38. 



Under-surface or Under-part 



28. 



Body, or Lower Ereast. 





of the Body. 



=9- 



The Belly. 



39- 



The Tarsus, or Leg. 



3°- 



The Vent. 



40. 



The Front Toes. 



31- 



The Tail Feathers. 



41. 



The Hinder Toe, or Halt 



3 2 - 



The Lender Tail-covers. 





lux. 



33- 



Spurious Quills. 



4 2 - 



Up[cr Tail-covers. 



The 



of the head, forming that part which is usually occupied by the crest in birds so ornamented. 

 hind head ( 1S ) commences at the declivity of the skull ; its lower portion is called the nape ("). 



On the sides of the head the following parts have received distinct names r — The feathers that 

 cover the ears, to save repetition, are usually called the ears (■") : they are generally rather more rigid 

 and their webs more disconnected than the surrounding feathers. The space between these and the 

 corner of the mouth (usually called the gape) ('"), is termed the cheek. 



