104 Canadian Record of Science. 



the south, the existence of which must have been known to 

 this northern people through their intercourse with tribes 

 to the south. 



Fur was plentiful in the northern country, and would be 

 traded with the people living in the south, who, though in- 

 habiting districts possessing a milder climate, were glad to 

 have the light fine furs for protection at certain seasons. 



Mounds on Red River in Manitoba have been found 

 to contain ornaments cut from shells of the Busycon perver- 

 sum, which necessarily were transported fully 1,500 miles 

 from the waters in which they are produced, to be made an 

 object of barter. 



Red River valley was, at a not very remote date, the feed- 

 ing ground for countless thousands of bison, and their 

 remains have been found by me in the mounds and amongst 

 the kitchen middens of their old camp site in the immediate 

 vicinity. The dried flesh of the bison was likely stored up 

 for winter use, and became an article for exchange with the 

 people of the wooded country and the copper miners. 



At St. Andrew's, Manitoba, a limestone ridge topped with 

 drift-gravel and boulders from the Laurentian formation 

 to the east or north-east, crosses Red River. Near a group 

 of mounds at this point I discovered an ancient camp site, 

 and from the bank of the river took quantities of flint chips, 

 partially worked and finely finished arrow-heads, scrapers, 

 etc. The drift on the ridge supplied the raw material, and 

 this place was evidently a resort where flint implements 

 were manufactured to supply the wants of the residents of 

 less favored localities. 



From the quantities of broken pots found in the river 

 bank and the fact that the clay and decomposed granite, 

 entering into the composition of the earthenware, is to be 

 had in abundance in the vicinity, it seems altogether likely 

 that pottery was also made at this camp site and became an 

 article of trade. I have examined an earthenware pot 

 taken from a mound situated within the city limits of St. 

 Paul, Minnesota, which, as regards size, composition, con- 

 struction, and style of marking, is identical with specimens 

 of the fragments taken from the Manitoba camp site, and 



