Natural System in Mineralogy. 



119 



will each constitute a Class, — all the remaining orders being 

 included in another Class. These four classes, with their 

 orders and suborders, may be tabulated as follows : — 



Classes. 



Orders and Suborders. 



I. 



1. Metallates : a. Metallometallates ; b. Spatho 

 metallates. 



II. 



2. Osydates. — 3. Silicates : a. Protosilicates ; b. 

 Protopersilicates ; c. Persilicates. — 4. Titan- 

 ates. — 5. nlobates. — 6. tantalates. — 7. 

 tungstates. — 8. molybdates. — 9. chromates. 

 10. Vanadates. — 11. Antimonates. — 12. Arse- 

 nates. — 13. Phosphates. — 14. Nitrates. — 15. 

 Sulphates. — 16. Borates. — 17. Carbonates. — 

 18. Oxalates. 



III. 



19. Haloidates : a. Fluorids ; b. Chlorids ; c. Bro- 

 mids ; d. Iodids. 



IV. 



20. Pyricaustates : a. Carbates ; b. Carbhydrates. 



Physical Characteristics of the Ainos. 



By D. P. Penhallow. 



The great timidity of the Ainos, coupled with an instinc- 

 tive delicacy with reference to all matters of a personal 

 nature, offers a great obstacle to the acquisition of exact 

 knowledge concerning their physical development. That 

 these feelings are not easy to overcome and often raise an 

 insuperable barrier, has been the experience of nearly if not 

 quite all those who have undertaken a study of them. Many 

 important measurements are thus wanting, but the follow- 

 ing determinations may be of some value as contributing to 

 a more exact knowledge of their leading characteristics. 



The Ainos, occupying Yezo and the Kuriles, are usually 

 spoken of as the " Hairy Kuriles " in allusion to one of their 

 more prominent characteristics. They constitute that group 

 usually designated as " Yezoines " or "Kurilians," to distin- 

 guish them from those of markedly different aspect, occu- 

 pying the Eussian territory of Saghalien, Kamschatka and 

 the lower Amoor district in Siberia. 



Among those who have attempted to study the Ainos, 



