506 Canadian Record of Science. 



artificial shell heaps along the coast. They contain bones 

 and shells of extinct species in intimate connection with 

 stone implements and pottery. They furnish data to prove 

 that the land was inhabited several thousand years ago. 



3. Industrial — The industrial activity of man in America 

 may be traced by the remains of his weapons, ornaments 

 and tools,, made of stone, bone and shell. In most of the 

 deposits examined, specimens of polished stone and pottery 

 testify to a reasonably developed skill, but in the Trenton 

 gravels and a few other localities, genuine paloeolithic re- 

 mains have been found, putting man in America at a date 

 coeval with the close of the glacial epoch, if not earlier. 

 The vast antiquity of the American race is further proved 

 by the extensive dissemination of maize and tobacco, tropi- 

 cal plants of southern Mexico, which were cultivated in 

 remote ages from the latitude of Canada to " that of Pata- 

 gonia. 



4. Linguistic — It is believed that there are about 200 

 radically different languages in North and South America. 

 Such a confusion of tongues could only have arisen in hun- 

 dreds of centuries. The study of these languages, and of 

 the gradual growth of their dialects, supply valuable data 

 for the ancient history of the Continent. 



5. Physical — The American race is as distinctively a. race 

 by itself as is the African or white race. Although varying 

 in many points, it has a marked fixedness of ethnic anatomy 

 and always has had. The oldest American crania collected 

 from the most ancient quaternary deposits are thoroughly 

 American in type. 



6. Geologic — As the discovery of implements in glacial 

 deposits located man on this continent, at least at the close 

 of the glacial epoch, this carries his residence here to about 

 35,000 years ago. But there is no likelihood that he came 

 into being on this continent. He could not have developed 

 from any of the known fossil mammalia which dwelt here. 

 More probably some colonies first migrated along tli£ pre. 

 glacial land-bridge which once connected Northern America 

 with Western Europe. Later others came from Asia. At 

 that time the physical geography of the Northern hemis- 



