﻿FOVEOLATE MONTIPOE^. 57 



triangiilar plates or as free processes. Typically, however, they form, by regular fusion, the 

 system of ramparts distantly reminding one of the convolutions of the Erain Coral. 



a, h. Capricorn Islands. Coll. Saville-Kent. 92. 12. 1. 3-7. (Types.) 



Two small fragments, apparently of a massive growth from a very different locality, may 

 be provisionally placed here. They have many of the typical characters of the above, but differ 

 in the fact that the interstices tend rather to form papillae and triangular plates and do not fuse so 

 freely as to form any definite systems of ramparts. They both appear to have been broken 

 from the same stock, one from tire more central portions and the other from the edge. 

 The former would probably show best the typical features of the coral. On this fragment, the 

 ramparts, when fully developed, are like those of the type, more than one calicle being 

 walled round. Here and there ramparts round single calicles spring up above the general 

 level as in M. caliculata. 



c, d. Isle du Lise, Gloriosa Group. H.M.S. ' Alert.' 82. 10. 17. 191-196. 



A portion of a massive stock from Eotuma, closely resembling the types,, is preserved in 

 the Cambridge University Museum. 



41. Montipora caliculata. (PL IX. ; H. XXXII. fig. 14.) 



Manopora caliculata, Dana, Zoophytes (1848) p. 492, pi. xliv. fig. 1. 

 Montipm-a caliculata, Quelch, Chal. Eep., Keef Corals (1886) p. 177. 



Description. — Corallum thick, explanate, with edges free, thick, and friable, surface throw- 

 ing up massive protuberances. Epitheca developed only in patches under the free edges. ; 



Calicles round, conspicuous, 1 mm. and under in diameter, often thickly crowded, situated 

 in the bases of circular ramparts, in the swelling tops of which, in the angles between adjacent 

 calicles, minute young calicles appear. Twelve short thick septa, often hardly distinguishable 

 into primaries and secondaries. On the free under surfaces, calicles evenly distributed, 

 numerous, of all sizes, from 1 mm. to mere specks, opening fl.ush with the surface, surrounded 

 by solid rings showing faint indications of twelve septal points. 



Coenenchyma shows, in the section of a free edge 8 to 10 mm. thick and about 1 cm. 

 from the margin, a well developed reticular layer bending upwards and downwards; the 

 layer formed by the bending downwards is more regularly trabecular than that formed by the 

 bending upwards in which the reticulum is but little altered. In large explanate growths, 

 portions of the corallum may be nearly smooth, the interstitial spaces being merely slightly 

 swollen and rounded ; elsewhere, however, the interstices may swell up into circular ramparts 

 which, rising in groups, one opening at the side of and slightly above the other, give rise to 

 solid upgrowths. 



Dana described three Manopores (= Montipores) with protuberant calicles, viz. 

 M. gemmulatcc (now TurUnaria gemmulata, Verrill), M. lichen, and M. caliculctta. These, 



