﻿58 MADEEPORAEIA. 



according to Dana, formed a group with aborting calicles, transitional between the 

 Madrepores and the more typical Manopores. As explained in the Introduction, p. 10, 

 Montipores with protuberant calicles are certainly not common, and the protuberances, when 

 present, as a rule differ fundamentally from those of Madrepora, Turhinaria, and Astrceopora. 

 In the foveolate group, they are not true calicles m Dana's sense at all, but arise as a complica- 

 tion of the rampart formation round immersed caUcles. While appearing to be true protuberant 

 calicle walls, they are, in reality, sweUings of the interstitial spaces which carry up the calicles 

 with them. 



I liave followed Quelch in giving Dana's name caliculata to specimens showing this 

 peculiar development of foveolation ; at the same time it should be noted that Dana's figure 

 shows the individual calicles clear and distinct from one another, whereas the false calicles 

 arising on the specimens now described, only exceptionally appear distinct ; they are in reality 

 circular pits in uprisings of the spongy ccenenchyma, and the real apertures of the calicles are 

 in the bases of these pits. This explanation of these false calicles was clearly recognised by 

 Quelch ; when, therefore, he gave Dana's name to the ' Challenger ' specimen he evidently 

 concluded that the close resemblance which the false calicles have to true calicles had led 

 Dana astray. It is unfortunate that Dana's single figure of the type is not supplemented by 

 others showing more detail. 



The largest specimen (a) showing this false-calicle formation is one of four (with a few 

 fragments) from Torres Strait. The interstitial reticulum shows all stages of protrusion. 

 Though smooth in patches, it surges up into papillre and knobs over most of the surface. In the 

 older parts of large explanate stocks, these latter rise in height into great swelUngs 5 to 6 cm. 

 high, covered with sunken calicles. Similar excrescences from the surfaces of large stocks 

 appear occasionally to break off and to give rise to detached masses which continue to 

 grow vigorously. The two specimens, d and c, from the Torres Strait appear to have been such 

 detached growths (cf p. 66). 



In addition to these there is a specimen which represents a small group of upgrowths, 

 not unUlve those on the Torres Strait specimens, broken off from its base. It is from Warrior 

 Island, Great Barrier Reef. The primary septa in this specimen are slightly more pronounced 

 than in the type, and the fresh upgrowths are more pointed. 



In all the above cases false calicle formation is chiefly found on the knobs and upgrowths. 

 In the remaining four specimens, however, it occurs over the whole surface. It is possible that 

 the name caliculata should be confined to these. They are, however, only fragments, and may 

 be only variations of growth of other corals. The largest (h) is closely allied to M. turgescens. 

 The ' Challenger ' fragment from Kandavu named M. caliculata by Quelch is very small and is 

 interesting because it is clearly associated with the Kandavu specimens of M. fovcolata. The 

 specimen from New Guinea is interesting, because it shows the same general surface appear- 

 ance (oUve-green tinge combined with great delicacy of texture) which characterises all the 

 New Guiuea Montipores in the collection. The last specimen (Jc) is a small encrusting stock 

 placed here tentatively ; it is somewhat distorted by Balanids, but here and there the false 

 calicle formation occurs. 



a. Torres Strait. • Prof A. C. Haddon. 97. 3. 9. 200. (Type.) 



I, c. Fragments of specimen a. „ „ 



d, e. Torres Strait (in masses which appear „ „ 



to have been detached). 



