﻿6 MADREPOEARIA. 



Madreporidse being distinguished from the three other families, Poritida3, Turbinaridae, and 

 Eupsammidae. In this close union of Montvpora vrith Madrepora, Klunzinger again adopts 

 Dana's classification. 



In 1884, ]Mi-. S. 0. Ridley (' On the Growth and Budding in the Madreporidce,' Ann. and 

 Mag. N. H., (5) xiii. p. 284) criticised Dana's view of the relationship between Madrepora and 

 Montipora. He pointed out that while the budding in the former was centrifugal, i.e. from 

 a central apical polyp, the budding in Montipora was centripetal, i.e. in an \mdiiferentiated 

 apex of ccenenchyma above the last formed polyps. Madrepora and Montipora are thus 

 two distinct developments of Madreporidffi only deducible in remote geological time from 

 some common undifferentiated ancestor. Ridley at the same time founded a new genus 

 Ancccropora which \vith Montipora formed the subfamily Montiporinaj, distinguished by the 

 centripetal method of budding from the allied subfamily Madreporinte with their centrifugal 

 method of budding. 



In the same year Martin Duncan, no doubt to some extent encouraged by Ridley's paper, 

 returned to the classification of Milne-Edwards and Haime (Joum. Linn. Soc. Zoology, 

 xviii. 1884). He removed the two genera Montipora and Anacropora from the Madre- 

 poridEe, and placed them, the " Montiporoida," as the second alliance of the Poritidse. The 

 calices are erroneously said to have " columella and pali." (See, however, p. 10.) 



In 1887, in describing the reef corals collected during the cruise of H.M.S. ' Challenger,' 

 Mr. J. J. Quelch placed the genus Montipora along with Mo.drepora, Tnrbinaria, Astrceopora, 

 and Anacropora under the family Madreporida;. He described twenty-two species in all, five 

 as new. One of these latter, however, \iz. dbtusata, is specifically identical with the 

 M, ven'ucosa of Blainville (non Lamarck, non Quoy and Gaimard). 



In 1888, Professor Ortmann,* in describing the corals in the Strasburg Museum, followed 

 Dana in all essential points. He placed the genus with Madrcp)ora under the Madreporida;, 

 and divided it very much as Dana had done. One specimen from the Indian Ocean is 

 referred doubtfully to Dana's M. gemmulata, which had, however, already been transferred by 

 Professor Verrill to TurUnana. And a new type with protuberant calicles is described under 

 the name M. stalagmites from Tahiti. He further described another new glabrous .type 

 under the name M. seahricidoides, which he later found to be identical with M. Ki:se,rta., of 

 Quelch. 



In 1889, the same author,! having worked out a system of corals according to the 

 structure of the walls of the individual calicles, which resulted in their being divided into 

 " athecalia," " pseudothecalia," and " euthecalia," separated Mvntipora from Madrepora and 

 derived it through Alveopora from Poritcs. In this second paper, the genus is divided into 

 two groups only, and Dana's first group, viz. that with tubular calicles, is suppressed. 



Lastly, in 1896, ]Miss Ogilvie (' Study of Madreporarian Types of Corals,' Phil. Trans., 



* ' Studien iiber Systematik ruid geograpHsche Verbreitung der Steiu-Korallen,' Zool. Jahrb., iii. 

 (Systematik) p. 154. 



y.' Beobachtungen an Steinkorallen von der Stidkliste Ceylons,' op. cit., iv. (Syst.) p 492. 



