﻿4 MADEEPOEAKIA. . 



Ehrenberg suppressed the genus * (or, according to him, subgenus of the genus Madrepora) 

 and redistributed the (Red Sea) species among the subgenus Porites. 



In 1848, Dana, in 'The Zoophytes of the United States Exploring Expedition,' 

 re-established and very greatly enlarged the genus, at the same time changing the name to 

 Mcmojjora,^ on the ground that " Montipora " referred only to an unimportant feature, i.e. 

 to a character not sufficiently typical. The name Montip)ora, in fact, could only apply to 

 one division of his Manopora. 



Dana (following on the lines sketched out by Ehrenberg) went far in advance of all 

 previous writers in his attempts to establish a natural classification of the Stony Corals. The 

 different methods of budding supplied him with one of his chief characters. His Madreporacese, 

 characterised by lateral budding, were divided into tln-ee families : — 1. The Madreporidse, 

 consisting of two genera Madrepora and Manopora ; 2. The Favositidee ; and 3. The Poritidae. 

 Manopora, he thought might be deduced from Madrepora by the degeneration of the pro- 

 tuberant calicles. The species of Madrejmra without apical calicles formed a connecting 

 link between the two. Tliis proposed derivation will be discussed in the following pages. 



The genus, as left by Dana, contained twenty-nine species, sixteen of which had been 

 found for the first time by the expedition. The remaining thirteen were drawn chiefly from 

 the Porites of Lamarck and of Ehrenberg. In addition, two of Lamarck's Agariceae were 

 included, and a 3fiUcpora (compiressa) of Linnreus (from the Mediterranean) was claimed as 

 a true IManopore (v. Montipora comprcssa, p. 42). 



Dana arranged his genus Manopora in six; divisions : — 



1. With short, tubiform (i.e. projecting) calicles, surface not papillose. 



2. No distinct (projecting) calicles, surface papillose-asperate. 



(a) Free foliaceous or subramose ; 

 (6) Glomerate, encrusting. 



3. Calicles immersed; surface uneven, not regularly papillose. 



4. Calicles immersed ; surface not spinuloso-asperate ; interstitial spaces prominent, or 



raised in round verrucse or long rugae ( = Montipora of De Blainville). 



5. Calicles immersed, at the bottom of deep pits ; surface not verrucose or papillose. 



6. Calicles " superficial," immersed ; corallum smooth and branched. 



The order of these divisions is significant, inasmuch as it embodies Dana's view above 

 noted that the Manoporse were Madrepores which had lost their prominent calicles. This, 

 however, as we shall see later, is not supported by the evidence which will be here adduced. 



In 1849, Milne-Edwards and Haime (Comptes Eendus, xxix. p. 259, and later in the 

 ' British Fossil Corals,' 1850) accepted the genus Montipora of Quoy and Gaimard. They 

 united it with Alveopora, Q. & G., and Psammocora, Dana, to form' the Montiporinae, which is 

 the second tribe of the Poritidae, differing from the first tribe Poritinae by the abundance of 

 the spongy ccenenchyma, rudimentary or absent in the latter. In 1851 (Les Polyp, fossiles d. 



* Ehrenberg appears only to mention the word Montipora in his index (p. 155) where it occurs 

 among the superfluous or doubtful names. t yuavo's, of loose textixre. 



