﻿88 MADREPORAEIA. 



The calicles are small (0 • 5 mm.), crowded, slightly protuberant as short cylinders, with 

 one cycle of septa. 



Coenenchyma spongy, towards the tips of the branches slightly and irregularly echinulate, 

 below perfectly smooth. 



The above description is from the original. The type is certainly peculiar in the presence 

 of what appear to be regular cylindrical protuberant caUcles. On this account Ortmann, who 

 at that time (1888) followed Dana, placed it with that author's Manoiwra gcmmulata, as one of 

 the transition forms, with degenerating calicles, between Madrcpora and Manopora. He was 

 apparently not aware of the transference of 3f. gemmulata, to the genus TurUnaria. The 

 protuberant calicles perhaps implj- a very thin upper layer of ccenenchyma, and may be either 

 a return to, or a retention of primitive conditions. 



The type specimen, wMch is in the Strasburg Museum, was from Tahiti. 



c. Papillm arranged in radial series and fusing to form ridges. 



69. Montipora papillosa. 



A gar icia papulosa, Lamarck, Anim. sans Vert., ii. (1816) p. 243. 



Montipora papillosa, de Blainville, Manuel (1834) p. 389, pi. xi. fig. 2. 



Manopora papillosa, Dana, Zoophytes (1848) p. 506, 



Montipora papillosa, Milne-Edwards and Haime, Ann. des Sci. Nat., (3) xvi. (1851) p. 56; and Cor., 



iii. (1860) p. 216, pi. E3, figs. 2a, 2J, 2c. 

 Non Montipora papillosa, Bassett-Smith, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) vi. (1890) p. 450 (see M. cznig- 



matica). 



Description. — Corallum explanate, horizontal, with slightly raised free edges. Epitheca 

 about 3 cm. from edge, less in younger fronds. The growing edge is from 2 to 3 mm., the 

 central portions of the corallum as much as 5 mm. thick. 



The calicles are conspicuous and crowded in the older parts of the corallum with the 

 apertui-es slightly depressed beneath the level of the interstices, but for 3 to 4 cm. from the 

 growing edge the calicles open more superficially ; they appear smaller on this account and 

 less crowded and conspicuous, • 75 mm. in diameter. Twelve short, thick, and symmetrically 

 arranged septa, the primaries being distinguishable from the secondaries, one or two directives 

 occasionally present. 



On the under surface, the calicles open through small protuberant rings, very irregular 

 and slightly raised, very uniform in size, about • 5 mm., and with but feeble development of 

 septa. 



The ccenenchyma shows in section a very pronounced, coarse and laminate reticulum which 

 in the free edges of the corallum bends evenly upwards and downwards. When the epitheca 

 commences, the tips of the lower threads or laminje fuse to form a solid layer ; while dorsally 

 the reticulum surges above the surface in cylindrical or oval papilLce. Near the growing edge, 

 these tend to slope slightly outwards ; their tips, however, often bend up into the vertical, 



