﻿TUBERCULATE MONTIPOR^. 159 



upper surface the streaming layer rises in thin longitudinal ridges which either persist, rising 

 in height and width in the older parts of the leaves, or are soon lost among the tubercles which 

 appear in the thickening layer. In tliis case the tubercles are very numerous, and tend to be 

 grouped round calicles so as to give the surface a lumpy appearance.* 



(1) Five more or less fragmentary specimens from Amboyna, labelled by Quelch " M. 

 foliosa, Pallas. " These are especially instructive because they contain forms with jagged 

 irregular leaves like tiiat figured by Turgot, as weU as symmetrical rose-like stocks. The 

 largest, a, appears to have been part of a symmetrical sharplyiconical roseate stock. Specimen. 

 6 is a less regular group of leaves ; c is a long, very ragged and twisted leaf which might have 

 been broken out of the centre of some more symmetrical stock ; while d and e are fragments 

 bearing a striking resemblance in general form to the coral figured by Turgot. The fronds are 

 about 1 mm. thick at the growing edge and 3 in the thickest part (i.e. when not encrusted 

 over by fresh layers.) The calicles are about • 5 mm. in diameter, and though not conspicuous 

 are quite visible, being best seen when the coral is, held up against the light. The margin of 

 the aperture is well defined. The sis well developed septa are seen with the rudimentary 

 secondaries. The calicles are very scattered, often occurring in irregular bands roughly parallel 

 with the growing edge. The longitudinal ridges are not pronounced, but are sometimes trace- 

 able for a long way down the frond, or, again, they may be hardly developed at all. The 

 tubercles are very pronounced and scattered, being grouped irregularly ; they are very thin, 

 either feathery or else jagged and perforated plates, about 1 mm. high. The transition from 

 the ridges into the tubercles can be followed in all its stages. The under side is dense with 

 scattered calicles raised above the surface ; between the calicles the interstices are smooth. In 

 section, the under layer is seen to be quite solid. Compare with these the five fragments u, 

 from the same locality, and, from the fine texture of the surface, belonging to the same type. 



a, h, c, d, e. Amboyna. H.M.S. ' Challenger.' 



(2) A large, symmetrical, rose-Hke cluster of fronds (PL XXX.) ; each frond seems to form 

 at the base a conical point and to be growing from the edge of a dead frond. The fronds 

 slope outwards at an angle of 45 degrees ; the upper edges being about 5 to 6 cm. apart. 

 The growing edge is about 1 • 5 mm., and rapidly increases to 3 mm. thick. By holding a 

 frond up to the light the following characters are at once apparent. The ridges and tubercles 

 form a regular and delicate tracery of almost parallel lines about 1 mm. apart. The calicles 

 open in the deep valleys between the ridges, and are moreover bordered above and below by 

 tall tubercles, not infrequently a ridge ends against the lower tubercular wall of a caUcle. 

 Small clusters of calicles close together often lead to the formation of a small prominence. 

 Under the lens, the tubercles and ridges are beautifully and finely jagged, as if frosted over. 

 The imder surface is very dense, but is covered with slightly protuberant calicles and with 

 indications of tubercles, which hardly rise above the dense ccenenchyma, except as small groups 

 of jagged points. They give the surface a granular appearance to the naked eye.- The laminate 

 character of the middle streaming layer is very marked at the growing edges where it causes a 

 striation of the surface. 



* For description and coloured figures of a living coral, regarded as belonging to this species by 

 Mr. Saville-Kent, see Ms ' Great Barrier Eeef,' p. 184, and chrom. pi. viii. fig. 5. 



