50 F. A. SMITT, 



avicularia, amidst the greatly developed cancellation by secondary pores över the front- 

 side of the zocecia, just as in the Leieschara crustacea, sometimes easily will be 

 overseen. 



Through the Hippothoa pes anseris and its nearest allies, we have seen the con- 

 nexion between the Hippothoan and Leiescharan types. Now, the firstnamed of these, 

 especially through the Hippothoa biaperta, besides the divergence towards the, formerly 

 so nained, Hippothoan constitution, presents so close a relation to the typical Celleporoe, 

 that it will be most convenient, in dissolving ray former group of the Celleporina, as 

 a distinct sub-order of the Cheilostomata, characterized by the so named Celleporine con- 

 stitution of the zooecia, here to include the true Cellepora} in the Myriozoidan family. 

 That genus Cellepora, then, in the following raanner will be characterized: 



Zocecia (magis minusve utriculata) aperturam primariam rotimdam, proximaliter 

 aperte sinuatam, secundariam aperturam (forma? magis variae) aviculario laterali obliquo 

 munitam vulgo prsebent. 



With this character, around the old-known Cellepora ramidosa 1 ), a very natural 

 group will be collected, although it very often will be difficult to recognize the true 

 shape of the primary zocecial aperture. In most cases, for that purpose, the growing 

 edge of a colony must be examined; and, when this can not be done, the systemati- 

 cal arrangement, of course, may trust to characters of less value or, in accordance 

 with the synthetic method, we may attend to likenesses of serial significance 2 ). Fur- 

 thermore, we must remin d, that the Celleporine constitution is the end-point of deve- 

 lopment of all the Escharine types, where they meet another, usually, after having 

 löst the most of their regular characters. For the practice, then, in many cases, where 

 the true affinities can not be determined with certainty, it would be the best to retain 

 a distinct sub-order for that constitution; still, I think, it will once be possible, with 

 the dubious species also, to trace them back again to any truly escharine origin. 



At the first, three species may be accounted for, which I nowhere, with any 

 certainty, can find to be described before. 



Cellepora verruculata (Pl. VIII, figs. 170 — 172). 



Char.: Zooecia decumbentia ad margines perforantur, aviculariis duobus acutis 

 muniuntur, quorum unura in apertura secundaria includitur, alterum supra partem pro- 

 ximalem frontis locum tenet. Ooecia imperforata calcificatione progrediente maximam 

 ad partem obteguntur. Apertura secundaria zooecii tuberculis vulgo quatuor (4 — 6) 

 coronatur, quorum unum cuspis est avicularii oralis, altera vero tubera sunt marginis. 

 Apertura primaria latitudine 0,13 mm.; secundaria vero 0,1 o mm. fere a^quat. 



') This without doubt was the same species as the Cellepora pumicosa, by Linné; but for the reasons given 



in Öfvers. Vet. Akad. Förh. 1867, Bih., p. 32, that name more conveniently, in accordance with Busk, 



will be used in another sense. 

 -) Of the species, which formerly constituted my genus Cellepora, the group, which I named Cellepora scabra 



must be transferred to the Diseoporidan series. The genus Celleporaria most closely is connected with 



Cellepora. 



