60 F- A. SMITT, 



which, by D'Orbigny, was described under the name of Semieschara lamellosa. Further- 

 more, its avicularia have attained a peculiar development, varying from being linear, 

 acute, or sometimes with a triangulär mandible, as usual in this species, to becoming 

 spathulate, of a greater size, sometimes, in length, equalling the zooecia. As to their 

 place and direction, in the same degree they may vary, as shown by the figure. For 

 the variability of the zooecial construction, in my former papers l ), I have given a 

 fuller aecount, where it will be seen, that, from this point, we can scarcely admit of 

 any distinction of specifical value; but for the peculiarity of the development of the 

 avicularia, the Floridan form, as a distinct variety, I propose to be named Escharella 

 spathulata. As to its size, in the more outgrown colony, the breadth of the secondary 

 zooecial aperture can be measurecl to between 0,13 and 0,13 mm. In the British Mu- 

 seum I have seen one specimen of it from Torres Strait; hence it proves to have ara- 

 ther great geographical range. 



Escharella Landsborovii 2 ) (Pl. X, figs 201 and 202). 



This species, in all its varieties of calcification, has given me much trouble. In 

 the northern regions, when preparing my former papers on the Bryozoa, I found the 

 feebler degrees of calcification so constantly different from the state of development, 

 which at first was described as Escharella (Lepralia) Landsborovii, and, in their primary 

 shape, so much alike the Escharella porifera, that in the same group I united them 

 with this last-named species, under the two names of Escharella minuscula and E. ma- 

 juscida, as inarking other differences of slighter value. Now, in the Floridan collec- 

 tions, on a mäss of calcareous deposit, from 13 fathoms, I find a colony of Escharella 

 minuscula, with the avicularian rostrum well developed, which, in its older parts, where 

 it is more calcified, in all things agrees with the typical E. Landsborovii, excepting 

 only its size (the breadth of the primary zooecial aperture being about 0,i mm.) and 

 the just named rostrum, Avhose development can be of no importance for the specifical 

 distinction, as it can be found, also, in the otherwise typical constitution of this spe- 

 cies. The ooecia, of which I only can see one in a complete condition, still lack the 

 peculiar markings common for this form (as well as for E. majuscula) with the typi- 

 cal E. Landsborovii 3 ); but this difference, in northern specimens, could be remarked 

 between the ooecia of the same colony 4 ). E. minuscula and E. majuscula, then, as 

 varieties of the same type as E. Landsborovii, are to be removed from E. porifera, 

 which, after this emendation, is yet more naturally connected with E. palmata °). 



Of the typical Escharella Landsborovii, Podrtales has taken two colonies, from 

 the same locality, at the depth of 176 fathoms. The one of these (tig. 201), growing 



1 ) 1. c. pag, 87 etc. 



2 ) Synonyma vide in Öfvers. Vet. Akad. Förh., 1867, Bih., pp. 9 et 13! Adde: 



Lepralia bella, Bcsk, Quart. Journ. Mier. Se., vol. VIII, Zoophyt., tab. XXVII figg. 2 et 3 (figuras solum 

 vidi); Hincks, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. IX, p. 205; Norman, Brit Assoc. 1868, Rep., p. 306. 



3 ) Corapare Öfvers. Vet. Akad. Förh. 1867, Bih., pp. 74 and 93! 



4 ) 1. c. pag. 75. 



■') In the south Atlantic, at the Falkland-Islands, the Escharella porifera evidently is represented by the 

 Escharella galeata {Lepralia galeata, Busk, Cat. Polyz. Brit. Mus., p. 66, pl. XCIV, figs. 1, 2); and indeed, 



