0N THE GEOLOGY OF THE NORTH-EASTERN WEST-INDIA ISLANDS. 45 



terre some fossiliferous deposits have been found by Mr. Payen. They contain shells of 

 species still living in the Caribbean Sea except one Terebratula, which, according to Mr. 

 Deshayes, seems to be new. One of these deposits occurs at the hight of 40 meters, about 

 50 m. from the shore, and the other, which rests upon horizontal beds of volcanic rocks 

 reaches the hight of 100 meters and is 200 meters from the sea. They seem to belong 

 to the same geological time as Brimstone Hill in S:t Kitts. 



Dominica*) is separated from Guadeloupe by a strait, in which about 8 small vol- 

 canic islands »Les saintes», occur. The island is built by tufas, cinders, or lavas, and has 

 two volcanic centers, one at the north, »La montagne du diable», and one at the south, 

 "La soufriére». The island has hot springs, crater seas, and soufriéres with alum stone 

 and sulphur. A bed of coral lime-stone at an elevation of about 60 — 100 meters above 

 the sea is found near Rousseau, resting horizontally upon and covered by beds of cinders. 



Martinique**). This large and mountainous island, extending N. W. to S. E., is en- 

 tirely volcanic, and has according to de Jonnes six volcanic centers. The most northerly 

 is La montagne Pelée of the height of 1,349 meters above the sea, (occording to the sur- 

 vey by Monnier 1824 — 25). Another volcanic center is Piton de Carbet which rises to 

 the hight of 1,207 meters. Near another volcanic mountain, le Volcan de Marin, a bank 

 of limestone is found, resting upon and covered by volcanic rocks. 



S:ta Lucia is, geologically, very little known, but seems nevertheless to be entirely 

 volcanic, as having hot springs and soufriéres. 



S:t Vincent is also a volcanic island, on which tremendous volcanic eruptions in the 

 years of 1718 and 1812 are recorded, (see De Jonnes Hist. Phys. des 'Ant. Franc. p. 67. 



The Grenadines form a group of about ten volcanic islets, having lava rocks of co- 

 lumnar structure, (see Maclure L. c. p. 139 and De Jonnes L. c. p. 67). 



Grenada is a volcanic island with several regular craters. According to De Jonnes 

 (L. c. p. 66.) the island has two volcanic centers, one of which has formed the hill of S:t 

 Simon and the other, to the south, had its crater in the pond surrounded by the hills of 

 S:t Sinai, S:t George and Beau Sejour. 



Tobago. According to De Jonnes (L. c. p. 120) the center of this island is volcanic 

 and surrounded by large limestone beds. 



Barbados***). In the eastern, mountainous part of the island, called Scotland, the 

 oldest formation of Barbados is found. It consists of a series of stratified slates, lime- 

 stone and conglomerates etc, in strata, which dip to the N. E. and strike N. W. — S. E. 

 The formation contains bituminous matter and also the well known silicious beds with 

 remains of polycistinap and diatoms. In this formation three species of fossil shells were 



') 1817 Maclure. Journ. of the Ac. of Nat. Hist. of Phil. Vol. I. Part. 1 p. 143. 



1822 De Jonnes, A. Moreau. Hist. Phys. des Ant. Franc. 

 ") 1817 Maclure L. c. p. 142. 



1822 De Jonnes. Hist. Phys. des Ant. 

 "') Litterature: 



1816 Skay. Träns, of the Geol. Soc. of Lond. Vol. III, p. 236. 



1817 Maclure. Journ. of the Acad. of Nat. Scien. of Philad. Vol. I. Part. I, p. 135. 

 1848 Schomburgk. The History of Barbados London, 8:o. 



