fl> o s t e I s i a 203 



the holdfast on the one hand and 

 the free portion on the other is estab- 

 lished. As the little kelp increases 

 in size, the distal portion becomes 

 flattened into the lamina (except in 

 the lower genera, such as Chorda), 

 while the intermediate portion of 

 the body remains more or less cylin- 

 drical and takes on the character of 

 stipe. Hemispherical emergences are 

 formed at the base of the stipe, which 

 grow out, become forked repeatedly, 

 and affix their ends to the substratum, 

 thus contributing new points of anchor- 

 age for the plant as it grows larger 

 and offers greater resistance to the 

 surf or surge. At first the young kelps 

 an inch or two in height look very 

 much alike. Each plant at this stage 

 has the appearance of a small leaflet, 

 usually somewhat lanceolate in outline, 

 with a short, translucent stalk, fixed by 



