August 17, 1876. 1 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



155 



but we hope to see a better provision for another year. Lops 

 were a very good class ; a handsome Black-and-white doe, 22J by 

 4\ was placed first ; the second a Fawn-and-wbite doe, 22 by 4f , 

 good in style, bad eye, and not well marked. This reverses the 

 Alford award, which we contend was quite wrorig. Some were 

 almost eaten- up with fleas; but worst of all was MessrB. Schofield 

 and Barrett's splendid Black doe, which was first at Alford, and 

 was ill theD, but in this case was in so offensive a state as to be 

 totally unfit to handle, the virulent matter springing out of the 

 ear on attempting to measure it. Himalayans only three; first 

 very good old, and second a promising young one. Silver-Greys 

 were a capital class ; but all were not placed at the same advan- 

 tage, the light being shaded in some, and the full sunlight upon 

 the others. The first was one of the nearest perfect-coated we 

 ever saw, but too dark on the nose, and slightly so on the fore- 

 feet, but this must be a winner ; second a doe, beautifully even, 

 but rather too light and out of shape, but better than at Bramley ; 

 pen 427 (Golightly) seemed to skulk, and did not look well, but 

 was very highly commended ; 429 (Ball) a splendid Rabbit, but 

 also dark on the nose. In the Variety class first was a Silver- 

 Cream, and second a Belgian Hare ; the first a grand one. 



POULTRY— Sf^-isb.- Black-Young or Old.—l, J. Powell. 2. H. Beldon 

 Game. -Cup and 1, H. C. & W. J. Mason. Cochin-China— 1, W. Mitchell. 2' 

 C. Sidgwick. Bbahmas.— Old or Young.— 1 and 2, W. Schofield. Hambubghs. 

 — Golden-pencilled — 1, H. Beldon. 2, H. Pickles. Silver-pencilled— I. H. 

 FickleB. 2, H. Beldnn. Golden-spangled— 1, H. Beldon. 2. H. Pickles. Silver- 

 spangled.— I and 2, H. Beldon. Black — 1, H. Beldon. 2, C. Sidgwick. Bantams. 

 — Game.— 1 and 2. W. F. Entwisle. Any other variety— I and 2, C. & J. Illing- 

 wortn. Any othee Vabiety. — Cup, 1, and 2, H. Beldon. Selling Class.— 1, 

 H. Beanland. 2, J. Powell. 



YOUNG POULT RY.-GAHE.-Cocfceref. — 1. Amberley & Hartley. 2, E. 

 Luod. Pullet.— I and 2, T. Dyson. Cocutn-China.-1 and 2, C. Sidgwick. 

 BASLBXjaoss—SUver-pencilled.-l,n. Pickles. 2, H. Smith. Golden pencilled. 

 — 1, U. Pickles. 2, Faweett & Anderton. Silver-wangled.— I.B.. Pickles. 2, H. 

 Beldon. Golden-spanglcd.-l, J. Preston. 2, H. beldon. Black— 1, H. Pickles. 

 2, C. Sidgwick. 



PIGEONS— Carriebb— CocS: —1, R. Fulton. 2, J. Baker, vhc, R. Fulton, 

 W. Harvey Hon— 1, R. Fnlton. 2. J. Baker, vhc. R. Fulton, W. Harvey. 

 Poutees.- Cock.— 1, R. Fulton. 2, J. Baker, vhc, W. Harvey. Hen.— 1, W. 

 Harvey. 2, R. Fulton, vhc, J. Baker, W. Harvey. Tuhblf.bs.— Almond Short- 

 faced.— Cock or Hen— I. J. Baker. 2, W. Harvey, vhc. R. Fulton, W. Harvey. 

 Any other variety tihort-faced. — 3, R. Fulton. 2", J. Baker, vhc, R. Fulton, J. 

 Baker (2), W. Harvev. Babbs.— Cock or Hen.-l, W. Harvey. 2, R. Fulton. 

 vhc, J. Baker, J. S. Collin. Dragoons.— Blue or Silver.— Cock or Hen.—l, R. 

 Woods. 2. R. FultoD. Any other colour— I and 2. R. Woods, vhc. Miss F. 

 Seanor. Owls.— Foreign. — 1 and 2, R. Fulton. Extra 2 and vhc, J. Baker. 

 English.— I and vhc, J. Thresh. 2, R. Fulton. Toebits — Cock or Hen.—l and 

 2, J. Baker. Jacobins.— 1, R. Fnlton. 2, J. Baker, vhc. R, Fulton, J. Baker. 

 Fantails.— 1 and 2, J. Baker. Tumblers.— Bald or Beard, Long-faced.— 1, Miss 

 F. Seanor. 2, W. Ellis. Any other variety Long-faced.— 1. W. EUis 2, R. 

 Fulton. Antweeps.— Short-faced.— Cock —1 and 2, W. F. Entwisle. Hen.—l 

 and 2, W. F. Entwisle. Long faced— Cock— I, Vf. Kills. 2, S. Wade, vhc, W. 

 Ellis, J. Li&ter. Hen. — 1, J. Lister. 2. Miss F. Seanor. Medium-faced.— Cock. 

 —I, W. Ellis. 2, W. F. Entwisle. Hen.—l, W. F. Entwisle. 2 and vhc, W. 

 Ellis. Shortfaced.— Young— landu/ic, W. F. EntwiBle. 2, J. S. Collier. Any 

 variety— Young— I, J. Lister. 2, W. Ellis, vhc, J. Lister, W. ElliB (2|. 

 Likeliest Bied foe Flung Pubposes.— 1, W. Rcynald. 2, R. Fulton. Any 

 othee Variety.— 1, J. Baker. 2, Miss F. Seanor. vhc, R. Fulton (2), J. W. 

 Holloway, W. Harvey. Selling Class.— Single Bird.— Price not to exceed £1.— 

 1, R. Fulton. 2, Miss F. Seanor. vhc, V. Ratcliff. Pairs.— Price not to exceed 

 S8.— 1, Miss F. Seanor. 2, W. EUis. 



RABBITS.— Lop-eased.— Buck o, Doc— 1 , E. Pepper. 2, Schofield & Barrett. 

 Himalayan— Lop-eared.— Buck or Doe.— I. Wharton & Walker. 2, S. Ball. 

 SiLVEE-GBEr.— /Jncfc or Doe.— I, Schofield & Barrett. 2, J. Firth, vhc, T. Go- 

 lightly (2), H. Wood, S. Ball. Any othee Vabiety.— Buck or Doe.— 1, H. E. 

 Gilbert. 2, 1. Haley, vhc, J. Stansiield. 



Judges. — Poultry : Mr. Cannan, Bradford. Pigeons and 

 Rabbits : Mr. Hutton, Pudsey. 



A FRIENDLY GANDER. 



I have seen and heard of people making pets of all sorts of 

 living creatures besides Cowper's hares and the rats of a prison, 

 all of which have in return exhibited more or less intelligence; 

 but never till the other day did I think there was any sense in a 

 Goose, or rather gander. 



I was visiting at Mr. M 's, in a small village, who has 



among other stock on his farm a flock of Geese. One of these, 

 for some reason best known to itself, prefers to lead a solitary life, 

 rarely joining its companions, but has formed a strong attach- 

 ment to my friend Mr. M ■, following him about when going 



over the land, and waiting outside when he calls at any house 

 in the village. The gander leads the way generally, looking 

 round to see if he is going right, and that my friend and his 

 two fox terriers are following. — S. 



ARTIFICIAL HONEY SUPERS. 

 I take up my pen to call in question the value of a proceeding 

 recommended by Mr. Pettigrew in a recent number. For the 

 production of the finest super honey he recommends your readers 

 to drive their bees, and then cut out the best part of comb a 

 brood skep can be expected to yield, and so fill the handy little 

 American supers, which are to be placed on certain hives ; and 

 these, fed with the contents of the discoloured or bred-in combs 

 of the broken-up hives for the completion of the supers, and 

 under the glosB of fresh cell-covers retouched, are to be palmed 

 off on an unsuspecting public as Buper honey. But I much 

 question if such a procedure is either seemly, or, were the 

 manufacturing process generally known, would the supers be 

 very saleable. I am a little doubtful whether our little favourites 



would readily be made parties to the transaction, judging from 

 the rapidity with which the contents of severed combs of their 

 own tops left on for attachment disappear into the stock hive. 



Be this as it may, the principle of feeding to obtain or com- 

 plete supers is most reprehensible, whether the article employed 

 be sugar syrup pure and simple or the run contents of stock 

 hives, which of necessity contain the surplus stored-up sugar- 

 syrup of bypast springs and autumns with all the many honeys 

 mixed, the varied pollens and juice of the squeezed grubs 

 adding piquancy to the flavour, and possibly perfumed in 

 addition with the decaying foul-brood fungi, or yet as a last 

 resort the brisk effervescing contents of the cheap foreign honey 

 cask. To escape such nauseous mixtures sold as run honey, 

 &c, frequently thickened with the coarsest brown Bugar, the 

 wealthier classes — at least with us in the north — cheerfully pay 

 about double the price for the finest super honey, believing that 

 in so doing they obtain as they ought the pure exudation of the 

 current season's flowers, untouched by human hands, and stored 

 in a separate compartment of the hive distinct from all breeding 

 contamination ; and nothing will go more to hurt honey exhi- 

 bitions and the sale of such supers than the belief getting 

 abroad that they are got up artificially — mere shoddy after all. 

 — A Renfbewshiee Bee-keepeb. 



HOW TO FILL THE APIARY. 



The time has now arrived when cottagers begin to suffocate 

 bees in brimstone pits with a view to take their honey. Many 

 persons know no other way of obtaining the honey, and they 

 stubbornly follow the customs and practices of defunct gene- 

 rations. A clergyman living in the neighbourhood of Salisbury 

 informs me that he has offered his bee-keeping parishioners to 

 restore them the honey and hive, and Is. per swarm besides, if 

 they will let him take the bees and keep them alive instead of 

 their consigning them to the brimstone pit. They have a dogged 

 resolve not to have their antique wayB improved, and therefore 

 he does not expect his offer will be universally received. This 

 gentleman has only to show them a better and more profitable 

 mode of managing bees to induce them to abandon their antique 

 ways. Some years ago I could buy swarms in this locality in 

 August and September for 2s. 6d. each if I drove them ; now the 

 bee-keepers here will not sell, neither will they destroy their 

 bees. I would readily buy now at 2s. 6d. per swarm, or say 

 Is. per lb. of bees. A good swarm in September weighs above 

 4 lbs. In being driven a good swarm will take more than 1 lb. 

 of honey with it ; hence it would be no gain to cottagers to get 

 Is. each for driven swarms. Those who wish to fill their apiary 

 with good stocks, and those who wish to teach by example, will 

 do well to purchase the condemned bees of the cottagers near 

 them, Bay at Is. per lb. of bees, for apart from example they are 

 worth that price. 



In creating a stock of hives, or in filling an apiary by con- 

 demned bees, about 5 lbs. of them with a young queen Bhould 

 be put into a 16-inch hive and fed vigorously for fourteen days 

 or thereabouts. From 15 to 20 lbs. of sugar boiled in eighteen 

 or twenty pints of pure water is enough for such a swarm and 

 hive. By the time the syrup is all given the hive will be nearly 

 filled with combs, and these combs will be fairly filled with 

 brood. Stocks thus created are unsurpassed for excellence. The 

 combs are young and clean, without a cell of foul brood and 

 without a superabundance of bee-bread. The population is 

 numerous and healthy, with an ample supply of wholesome 

 food. In weighing a stock thus made it will be found that the 

 weight of the water has been lost in the building of the combs 

 and the keeping of the bees duriDg the process — that ia to say, 

 30 lbs. of syrup will enable the beeB to fill their hive with combs 

 and store up about 15 lbs. of food for the winter and spring 

 months. Of course if larger swarms and hives are used more 

 sugar-syrup will be required. Sugar-made Btocks are highly 

 valued, and I earnestly hope that many readers will fill their 

 apiaries with bees that would otherwise be doomed to the brim- 

 stone hole. Condemned bees are well worth Is. per lb. to 

 strengthen their stocks by being united to them. — A. Pettigkew. 



HONEY RECIPES.— No. 1. 



The British Bee-keeper's Association last year offered prizes 

 for liqueurs and sweetmeatB made from honey. The competi- 

 tion was not great, but we had some Ecore or so bottles of honey 

 wine, more than half of which — sent by Mr. J. S. Wood from 

 Denmark — being unaccompanied by the recipes, were not for com- 

 petition; had they been, the prize-winner must have trembled 

 for his laurels, for some of them were prime. I have reason 

 to know it, for Mr. Wood kindly presented me with his exhibits. 

 The recipe given for the liqueur to which the prize was awarded 

 is as follows:— 



Becipefor Sack Mead.— To each gallon of water add 6 lbs. of 

 honey and also the white of an egg and the shell broken up. Boil 

 this mixture until the scum has all been cleared off, then add 

 1 oz. of hops to the gallon, and boil slowly for one hour. Strain 



