226 



JOUKNAL OF HORTICULTUBE AND COTTAGE GAEDENEE. 



[ September 7, 1876. 



useful to the fraternity is no doubt well known to many readers 



of this Journal. Some of these inventions, which are most 

 ingenious, have obtained prizes at the Crystal Palace Shows, 

 and are in use in many if not in all modern high-class apiaries ; 

 for we must distinguish between apiaries the sole object of which 

 is the acquisition of honey and those which combine this with 



scientific management. No doubt the primary raison d'etre of an 

 apiary is to obtain honey; and if this be the sole object of any 

 bee-keeper we know no better guide or authority than our friend 

 " on the paddle-bos," the veteran Mr. Pettigrew, to whom to 

 refer him. Big hives of straw and honey by the ton are and 

 will ever be associated with his name. At a time when the 

 tendency of our bee-keepers was to sacrifice utility and profit 

 to the love of novelty and fancifolness Mr. Pettigrew came to 

 the fore, and by dint of strong common sense showed how the 

 old way and the old bees could hold their own and beat the 

 modern fashions out of the field in the one respect alluded to 

 above. 



Granted, however, that such is the ease, we are quite sure 

 that at least as much honey can be obtained under the highly 

 scientific treatment advocated by Mr. Cheshire, only it must be 

 understood that no tyro can expect to be thus fortunate. The 

 •intelligent and skilful and experienced alone will succeed, and 

 such as have time at their command. In their case— and there 

 are multitudes of bee-keepers of this class — infinite pleasure 

 and an interest inexhaustible will follow the adoption of the 

 system advocated in this little book by Mr. Cheshire ; for here 

 are full and plain instructions to the amateur on every point 

 connected with bee-culture, with carefully designed illustrations 

 of the various materials used by the first apiarians of the day, 

 including such items as bee hives of all sorts, improved feeding 

 apparatus and processes, guide combs and how to make them, 

 supers, bee and drone traps, transferring boards, queen cages, 

 &c. The book closes with a complete calendar of operations 

 during each month in the year, and last, not least, with a capital 

 index. 



We will only make one extract from Mr. Cheshire's book, and 

 it shall be on the subject of the Italian or Ligurian bee, the 

 merits of which in comparison with the dusky bee of our cottage 

 gardens have been recently discussed in these pages. " We are 

 of opinion," says Mr. Cheshire, " that the Ligurian is much 

 more prolific than the black, and that it is ready for swarming 

 earlier — advantages of no mean weight ; but we have failed to 

 note that greater strength of constitution in the foreigner which 

 some assert." He adds in proof of the prolific character of this 

 bee, although we are somewhat incredulous of the fact, that 

 " the black bee hardly now exists ; everywhere he has been im- 

 proved by foreign blood. In 1874, in a most isolated moorland 

 in Northumberland, where frame hives are unknown, but where 

 little skeps abound, we failed to find a pure specimen of the 

 English variety." Yet he observes " a lengthened observation 

 of the two varieties is evidently needed before any conclusion 

 can be arrived at " as to their relative value. 



We recommend the book to the notice of amateurs. 



HONEY RECIPES.— No. 4. 



(MEDICAL.) 



To Claeify Honey. — Melt in a water bath and strain while 

 hot through flannel previously moistened with warm water. 



Almond and Honey Paste for Beautifying the Skin, Sun- 

 burns, Freckles, &c— Clarified honey 16 ozs., bitter almond 

 powder 16 ozs. Rub smooth and add gradually in alternate 

 portions 32 ozs, of oil of sweet almonds and the yolks of five 

 eggs. Perfume with twelve drops of otto of roses. 



Honey Paste (Pate an Miel) for Chaps, &c. — Clarified honey 

 and cold cream equal parts rubbed Bmooth together. 



Honey and Borax for Aptha (Sores) in Children's Mouths. 

 — Dissolve 1 oz. of borax in 1 oz. of glycerine, and then add 

 6 oza. of clarified honey. 



Honey Gargle (Consumption Hospital Becipe for Consump- 

 tive Sore Throat). — Borax 1 drachm, honey 2 drachms, water 

 4 ozs. Mix. 



Oxymel of Squills. — Vinegar of squills 5 ozs., clarified honey 

 8 ozs. Mix. Useful as an expectorant in conghs. Dose — half a 

 teaspoonful four or five times a day. — John Hunter, Haling. 



Foreign Poultry. — The value of poultry imported alive and 

 dead this year was £113,216, against £131,587 in the correspond- 

 ing period of last year. 



OUE LETTER BOX. 



Ipswich Poultry Show {Gertrude}. — An advertisement in our columns 

 to-day announces that the old Show will be as nsnal. We know of no reason 

 why both shows should not succeed if judiciously managed. Let us wait 

 until we can observe the results. 



Extensive Poultry-keeping (W. Jllingicorih). — No one that we know 

 succeeded in obtaining a living by keeping poultry. It has been tried by a 



company, bnt epidemic diseases, unfavourable seasons, and low prices brought 

 ruin. The further north the more unfavourable for poultry. 



Pigeons at Halifax Show— Wo omitted to mention in our report of 

 the Halifax Show last week, that the five-guinea cup for the best pen in the 

 Show was won by Mr. M. Hedley with hiH Black Carrier cock. 



Killing Drones (J. 0.).— No one can with certainty account for the 

 drones in hives being permitted to live longer this year than in others. Some 

 three or four years ago the drones in many prosperous healthy hivos were not 

 killed till October. In ordinary cases drones are killed in swarm hives about 

 ten or twelve days after their queens begin laying. In parent hives, after 

 swarming, and when their young queens have commenced breeding, the 

 drones being useless are destroyed; then at the end of the season the 

 general massacre takes place. Bees without queens, or with qneenB unfer- 

 tilised, never kill their drones. Hives that do not kill their drones at the 

 usual times should be examined, and if found without brood in their combs 

 there is reason to suspect that their queens are either lost or useless. 



Parrot Moulting Delayed (A. K.).— Warmth and extra nourishment 

 are indispensable. Ton should alter the food thus, according to an authority 

 on the subject:— "Hempseed and Indian corn givea separately, each twice 

 a-week, bread and milk, with a few chilies cut smH.ll once a-week. On the 

 seed days a little Baffron steeped in the water. If great difficulty in the 

 moult, give captain's biscuits soaked, and made hot with cayenne, about three 

 times a-week, and put some liquorice in the water." 



METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 



Camden Square, London. 



Lat. 51° 32' 40" N. ; Long. 0" 8' 0" W.; Altitude, 111 feet. 



Date. 



9 A.M. 



In the Day. 





1876. 



■ & 



Hygrome- 



a . 



OT3 



"o.w . 



Shade Tem- 



Radiation 



"3 

 K 



Aug. 



= «r"i 



ter. 



O'S 





perature. 



Temperature. 



and 

 Sep. 



™ m a J 



Dry. 



Wet. 



Max. 



Min. 



In 



sun. 



On 

 grass 







Inches. 



deg. 



deg. 





deg. 



deg. 



deg. 



deg. 



deg. 



In. 



We. 3D 



29.712 



e 



5.5 



S.W. 



61.8 



69.0 



50.0 



122 6 



418 



0.192 



Th. 31 



29.'49 



5".() 



47.5 



w. 



59 6 



60.2 



45 8 



113.8 



42 2 



0.163 



Fri. 1 



29.618 



558 



52 8 



w. 



58.0 



6S.8 



49.2 



117.4 



49.2 



0.020 



Sat. 2 



29.806 



58 3 



54.0 



S.W. 



5S.0 



66.7 



47.8 



113.8 



42.9 





Snn. 3 



29 689 



58.2 



53.7 



N. 



57.5 



67.4 



50.0 



114.9 



47.2 



0.240 



Mo. 4 



29.756 



59.7 



58.8 



S. 



54.3 



69.7 



65.2 



91.2 



62.0 



0.637 



Tu. 5 



29.628 



64.7 



ei.e 



S.W. 



63.5 



70.8 



59.1 



120.2 



66.6 



0.212 



Means. 29.627 



58.2 



54.7 





58.8 



67.5 



51.0 



113.8 



47.8 



1.464 



REMARKS. 

 30th. — Doll morning, bright forenoon, dull afternoon, wet evening, and a 



windy night. 

 81st.— Damp morning; rather bright about 11 a.m., followed by rain soon 



after noon ; showery day and wet night. 

 Sept. 1st. — A pleasant day ; one or two showers daring the day ; a beantif ul 



rainbow at 4.33 p.m. 

 2nd.— Fine, but rather hazy in morning, but soon fine ; a pleasant day; slight 



rain between 4 and 5 P.M. 

 3rd. — Fine morning and pleasant day ; bnt too cloudy from Beven to nine for 



the eclipse of the moon to be seen here. 

 4th. — A pouring wet morning; alternate sunshine and showers daring the 



day ; rainy evening and windy night. 

 5th. — "Windy all night, and heavy rain in early morning, but fine by 9 a.m., 



and a very pleasant day afterwards. 

 A great fall of rain, bat little difference in temperature from last week, 

 though some of the days seemed chilly. — G-. J. Stmons. 



COYENT GARDEN MARKET.— September 6. 

 Theee are no quotable alterations in the prices of last week, and the tone 

 of business remains in the same quiet state . 



Apples J sieve 1 



Apricots dozen 



Cherries lb. 



CheBtnuts bushel 



Currants 4 Bieve 



Black i do. 



Figs dozen 1 



Filberts lb. 



Gooseberries quart 



Grapes.hothouse.... lb. 



Lemons & 100 12 



Melons each 2 



d. 



6 to 5 























S 



1 







6 



IS 

 S 



FBUIT. 

 S.d. 



s. d. s. d. 



S Ctol2 



24 



Nectarines dozen 



Oranges ^ 10J 



Peaches dozen S 12 



Pears, kitchen.. .. dozen 



dessert dozen 16 3 



PineApples lb. 2 6 



Plums i seive 7 6 10 



Quinces bushel 



Raspberries lb. 



Strawberries lb. 



Walnuts bushel 



ditto & 100 



VEGETABLES, 



Artichokes dozen 4 



Asparagus ^100 



French bundle 



BeanB, Kidney $"lb. 



Beet, Red dozen 1 



Broccoli bundle 



Brussels Sprouts i sieve 



Cabbage dozen 1 



CarrotB bunch 



Capsicums w- 100 1 



Cauliflower dozen 1 



Celery bundle 1 



Coleworts..doz. bunches 2 



Cucumbers each 



Endive dozen 1 



Fennel bunch 



Garlic lb. 



Herbs bunch 



Horseradish .... bundle 4 



Lettuce dozen 



French Cabbage .... 



d. 



Oto 











Leeks bnnch 



Mushrooms pottle 



Mustard A Cress punnet 

 Onions bushel 



pickling quart 



Parsley.... doz.bunohes 



ParsnipB dozen 



Peas quart 



Potatoes bushel 



Kidney do. 



Radishes., doz. buncheB 



Rhubarb handle 



Satsaf y bundle 



Scorzonera bundle 



Seakale basket 



Shallots lb. 



Spinach bushel 



Tomatoes * Bieve 



Turnips bunch 



Vegetable Marrows 



d. s. 

 4to0 

 2 

 2 









