September 21, 1876. ] 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



257 



taken up after having been set seven years that were as sound 

 when taken up as when first put into the ground. Time and 

 weather seemed to have no effect on them. The posts should 

 be well seasoned before the oil and charcoal are applied, and 

 the paint should be thoroughly dry before they are put in the 

 ground." The braces c, and the whole of the other timber- 

 spars, coping, and other boards, should all be of the best 

 seasoned crown memel deal ; the braces being i inches square, 

 the spars 2 inches by 1 inch, and the boards 8 inches wide by 

 1 inch thick, the lap3 or shoulders along the edges being half 

 an inch in depth, so that each board would do 7 inches of the 

 fencing. The nails should be 2J inches long of the sort tech- 

 nically called fine-clasp, which may be made to turn at the tip 

 and clinch upon the board, and not cut-clasp, which are bo 

 brittle that the ends break off if one attempts to clinch them. 

 The boards in every fence, however small it may be, should 



Fig. S3. 



be fixed vertically as in fig. 32, and not horizontally, in order 

 that no moisture may accumulate in the joints. The single 

 course of brickwork, e, is also strongly recommended for all 

 fences to preserve the bottoms of the boards and to exclude 

 vermin. The copiDg, 15 inches wide, Bhould be made to go 

 over the plate on the top of the fence, and be supported upon 

 iron brackets Bcrewed upon the fence for that purpose ; and 

 there should be an iron bolt or rivet (see a, fig. 33), passing 

 through the end of each bracket and the coping near its front 

 edge to prevent warping, which will otherwise always occur 

 when the sun is powerful. 



spurs are large, long, and well rammed about with stiff clay, 

 the fence will brave the roughest wind and the objectionable 

 stays are avoided. — Edward Luckhurst. 



Fig. 34. 



There are maDy opinions as to the colour which such fences 

 should be painted, many insisting that a black surface is pre- 

 ferable to all others, from the great power which all substances 

 of that colour have of absorbing and radiating the rays of the 

 sun. It Bhould not be forgotten, however, that when walls 

 and fences become clothed with the foliage of the trees trained 

 upon them, so little of the surface is left exposed to the direct 

 action of the sun that the colour becomes quite immaterial. 

 One may therefore very safely conclude to consult one's own 

 taste as to colour, laying most stress upon the painting being 

 thoroughly well done, in order that it may serve its legitimate 

 purpose of a preservative of the body which it covers. 



It must not be forgotten that so high a fence as the one 

 figured runs great risk of being blown down if exposed to high 

 winds. There are two ways of making it firm : one by putting 

 stays behind it aboveground ; and the other and more gene- 

 rally preferable plan is to put in rough spurs below ground, 

 strutting to the front and back of the fence posts. If theBe 



APPLES. 



" Wiltshire Rector " mentions the Hawthornden as bearing 

 good crops this year where all others are failures. I have 

 noticed the same thing in previous years ; in fact, it is a kind 

 that rarely fails totally. I always depend on Hawthomdens as 

 early Apples for market purposes, gathering the best fruit first in 

 preference to Keswick Codlin, as the latter are inferior in size. 

 In consequence of this early gathering many of them would 

 come from the tree with the wood attached. I have an idea 

 that by annual spur-thinning I have gained a more regular suc- 

 cession of fruit. Be that as it may, I believe the Hawthorn- 

 den to be one of the most useful Apples growD, and were I 

 planting an orchard I should use this kind largely. The Kes- 

 wick Codlin I do not like, it shrinks so much in cooking, and 

 is not nearly bo saleable as many others. 



I can recommend Domino as a good Apple and very pre- 

 cocious in bearing. I have not heard any other name for it. 

 It can be obtained at any nurseries in the midland counties. 

 But the handsomest crop I ever saw on a young tree was 

 Pike's Pearmain, a splendid Apple. Another good sort for 

 kitchen use, a very free bearer and large size, is the Greasy 

 Coat. I never knew it by any other name, but I do not know 

 any autumn Apple to surpaBS it. 



I seldom see the Scarlet Nonpareil mentioned as a table 

 Apple, to my taste it is perfection. — J. J., Lancashire. 



ELECTION OF EOSES. 



And dost thou think that I be such a gaby that I will tell ye 

 all what Roses I tak to be beBt '? Not I. I be no such a fule 

 as that comes to. I dinna moind naming a two or three which 

 I consider reglar stunners, but unless I be paid weel for it no 

 more will I impart. I doant moind ever telling anything oi 

 knaws for a consideration, but withoot sich a stipulation oi no 

 tells moy moind. Nay, nay, lads ; fair play's a jowell, and 

 nowt for nowt, ib my twae mottoes. 



In this part of t' countrie mony of your fair-weather sailors, 

 your dilicate sinsitive articles, just turn up their eens and dee 

 as soon as a wee flake of snaw or a sleet comes, or a pinch of 

 frost taks hold on em. But best of all by a long chalk is that 

 reglar stunner the Jeneral. Eh, lads, but he's a moighti 

 fine chap ; his colour is loike our Betsy's after she has had 

 twae or three good turns at kiss i' the ring. Some call him 

 Jacqueminot and some Jack, but oi knaws him best by t' name 

 of Jeneral. They tells me that he's been a rare profligate 

 parent, the sire of mony a grand Rose, too numerous to enu- 

 merate onless for a consideration. Foremost and grandest 

 amangst his sons is the Dook of Edingburgh, and I hears that 

 no end of marquises and dooks and lords are descended fra 

 him. He, maybe, is a troifle thin and fluffy at toimes, but 

 that is when he has not been pruned enuff ; for " spare 

 t' rod and spoil t' chield" is moighty true aboot the Jeneral. 

 After him cams yon famous variety, that like England's flag 

 has stud the battle and the breese for twenty years or more, 

 auld John Hupper. I was right capped when furet I saw a 

 poBy made up of that Rose. Nae thinness or weakness of 

 constitootion aboot auld John. Ivery pital croudged on to its 

 nabor ; of a foine deep rose colour, someat loike our untsman'a 

 coit when its a leetle the waur for wear, but not near so many 

 spots in it. Folk say that this ere Rose is loike the coit, and 

 is not what it ance was, which they sey is deteriorieted, or 

 sum sich grund word, but wi' me here in t' north it nivver fails 

 to plaize. 



Next in moi esteemation eums Gloiry of my John. They 

 calls him a Tea Rose I beleeve, but whoy or wherefore I canna 

 tell, for he's as Strang and as erect as Gog and Magog or any 

 ither friend of theirs. Put him where ye wul), and he'll cloimb 

 and graw till he's that gross that you have to cut him doon 

 lest he pull your huse doon. Anither friend of moine is a 

 youngster of great promise. I doe not venture to prophesie 

 that he'll lick or surpass the ither ones I've named, but he'll 

 run em varry claBe. Then thers that Edward Moorhen. I knaws 

 that he hes mony detractors and such loike, but praperly treated 

 and in a sootable soil he'll flourish loike a green Baiy tree. 

 I'd loike to poise the chaps as says he'll not oppen, for he wull 

 as weel as ony o' the best. Amang the loights ther's that ere 

 French Madame Rotheschild, which canna be beat here or 



