398 



JOUBNAL OF H0BTICULTUB3 AND COTTAGE GAEDSNEB. 



[ November 2, 1876. 



Gledhill. 3, J. Barlow, vhc, Buttersvorth & Chadwick, J. Barlow. E. Fleming. 

 Clear Buff— 1, Sraethurat & Gledhill 2, Chadwick A Butterworth. 3. .T. Bar- 

 low, vhc, J. Lockwood, Sme'.hnrst & Gledbill, K. Fleming. Buff or Yellow- 

 marked.— I, R. Fleming. 2, J. Barlow. 3, Chadwick & Butterworth. Lanca- 

 shibe Plain-head.— Clear Yellow. -1 and 2, Smathurat & ^Gledhill. 3, A. 

 Hamer. vhe, J. Barlow, Smethnrat & Gledhill. Clear Buff.-l and 2, J. Bar- 

 low. 3, Smethurst & Qledhill. vhe, A. Hamer, Sintthurat & Gledbill. Buff or 

 Yellow-marked.— 1, 2. and 3. Smethurst & Gledhill. Iiizlrd— Golden-spangled. 

 — 1, J. Barlow. 2. Chadwick & Bntterworth. S, J. Lockwood. Extra 3, K. 

 Fleming, vlic, W. Scanlan, Smethnrst & Gledhill, Cleinrnson <£ Ellerton. 

 Silver-spangled.— 1 and S, J. Barlow. 2, R. Fleming. Extra 2, W, & C. Burnia- 

 ton. Extra 3, 0. J. Salt, vhe, A. Hamer, Smethurat & Gledhill, G. Hiding. 

 Cleminson & Ellerton 2). Broken-capped Golden-spangled.— 1, Smethurst and 

 Gledhill. 2, C. J. Salt. 3, Cleminson & Ellerton. Broken-capped Silver- 

 spangled.— 1,R. Fleming. 2, C.J. Salt. 3, W. Scanlan. YoEKaHuta.— Evenly- 

 or Unevenly-marked Yellow— I and 2, J. Thackeray. 3, L. Belk. Eoenly or 

 Unevenly-marked Buff.—l and 2, J. Thackeray. 3, "Wilkinson & Holroyd. vhc, 

 Wilkinson & Holroyd, C. J. Salt, L. Belk. Ticked or Clear Yellow.— -1, J. 

 Thackeray. 2, J. Hart. 3, Wilkinson & Holroyd. vhe, Chadwick & Butter- 

 worth, J. Hart, Wilkinson & Holroyd, R. Fleming. Ticked or Clear Buff.—l 

 and 8, J. Thackeray. 2, Wilkinson & Holroyd. vhe, J. Hart. Belgian —Clear 

 ' or Ticked Yellow.— 1,3. Hart. 2 and 8, C. J. Salt, vhc, J. Lockwood, J. Vernon. 

 C. J. Salt. Clear or Ticked Buff.—l, J. Vernon. 2 and 3, C. J. Salt, vhc, R. 

 Hart, C. J. Salt. Norwich.— Clear Yellow— 1, W. Smith. 2, J. Young. 3 and 

 vhc, J. Adams. Extra 3, C. J. Salt. Clear Buff.—l and 2, C. J. Salt. 3, F. 

 Willis, vhc, C. Burton. Evenly or Unevenly-marked Yellow.— I, T. Clemin- 

 Eon. 2, J. Adams. 3, C. J. Salt, vhc, J. Adama, F. Willia. Evenly or Un- 

 evenly-marked Buff.—l and Extra 3, C. J. Salt. 2, J. Adams. S, W. Rice & Co. 

 vhc, J. Adama, F. WilliB, J. W. Hampton, Cleminson & Ellerton, C. J. Salt. 

 Clear, Grey, or Dark-crested Yellow.— 1, G. Russell. 2, W. G. Horell. 3, C. J. 

 Salt, vhc, W. Rica & Co. Clear, Grey, or Dark-crested Buff.—l, W. J. Hamp- 

 ton. 2 and 3, W. B. Horell. Extra 2, T. Cleminson. Extra 3, G. Russell, vhc, 

 Q. Russell (2|, W. B. Horell (2), F. Willis, C. J. Salt, J. Young. Cinnamon.— 

 Clear or Variegated Yelunv.—l, Cleminson & Ellerton. 2 and 3, W. Bice & Co. 

 Extra 3, Wilkinson & Holroyd. vhc, J. Adams, W. Smith (2), C.J. Salt. Clear 

 or Variegated Buff.—l and 2, W. Rice & Co. 8, W. Smith, vhc, J. Adama. 

 GoLnnNCH and Canart Mdle.— Evenly or Unevenly-marked.— 1, Stroude and 

 Goode. 2, L. Belk. 3,'W. & C. Burniaton. vhc, J. Thackeray, Stroude and 

 Goode, J. Stevens (2), J. Young. Dark.—l and 8, C. J. Salt. 2, W. Smith. 

 Linnet and Canaev Mole.— 1 and 2, J. Spence. 3, J. Stevens. Any other 

 Variety of Moles.— 1, W. Lancaster. 2, Stroude & Goods. Goldfinch.— 

 Souse-moulted.— 1, W. & C. Buraiston. 2, C. J. Salt. 3, R. Allsop. Linnet.— 1 

 and 2, W. Carrick. 3. W. & O. Burniston. vkc, I. Dickinson, J. Hoggarth. 

 Skylark. — House-moulted.— 1 and 2, T. Whitehead. 3. J. Bradley. Any other 

 Variety.— 1, J. Lacey. 2, W. & C. Burniaton. 3, S. Fish, vlic, T. Ainge. 

 Selltno Class.— 1, C. J. Salt. 2,iC. Burton. 8, W. Smith. 



Judges. — Pigeons : Mr. H. Alaop, Birmingham. Cage Birds : 

 Mr. Geo. J, Barnesby, Derby. 



Dinner at the Cbvstal Palace. — We understand arrange- 

 ments are now being made to hold a dinner in connection with 

 the poultry Show at the Crystal Palace on Tuesday, Novem- 

 ber 14th. The Judges and several influential noblemen and 

 gentlemen associated with poultry interests are expected to 

 attend. Full particulars will be announced as soon as the 

 arrangements are completed. 



DO BEES GATHER HONEY OR MAKE IT? 



Tboe it is that Mr. Pettigrew has " repeatedly " made state- 

 ments regarding "crude honey," all to the same effect; these, I 

 say, are " not proven." But he has certainly not answered my 

 questions. My first question was this, "Will Mr. Pettigrew 

 favour us with the data upon which this (American) chemist 

 ounded his argument?" This is not answered. 



My second question related to his oft-repeated statement that 

 " sugar is elaborated and the honey sweetened in the stomach 

 of the bee." I asked, " Where does the sugar come from 1" 

 This is not answered. We sweeten our tea by the addition of 

 sogarfrom without; the sugar is not elaborated in the teacup. 

 We know well that sugar (which is the quintessence of honey) 

 is not manufactured or elaborated out of nothing. Neither, I 

 maintain, can bees manufacture or elaborate it in their sacs. It 

 must be there if not imported from without. Now, which is it ? 

 Is it there ? No; then it must be imported from without, and 

 if so whence is it imported if not from the flowers along with or 

 forming an integral part of the crude honey thence extracted ? 



Finally, I asked Mr. Pettigrew whether he could account for 

 the " faot " which I adduced on the testimony of a competent 

 apiarian — namely, that no crude honey whatever was found in a 

 rich hive plundered in August, whether among the brood or in 

 the honey cells proper. This again is unanswered. — B. & W. 



Honey in the Middle Ages. — In a charter of Glastonbury 

 Abbey is recorded that " Bodolph de Sancta Barbara is tenant 

 of one mill and 100 acres in the moor, for honey which he sup- 

 plies to the monks' kitchen. For this and all other, six sesterces 

 of honey to the monks' kitchen, and 8d. Many lands were held 

 of Glastonbury Abbey by the payment of honey for rent. I may 

 mention that among the nameB of tenants in a.d. 1189 at East 

 and South Brent are found Haimarie, Pret, de Hamma, and 

 Isgar. In the ' Post Office Directory ' for 1876 I see in those 

 places the existing names of Emery, Perrott, Ham, and Isgar or 

 Esgar. This is very curious." Another letter from Canon Jack- 

 son about a mill at South Brent contains the record of wind- 

 mills and the grinding they had to do for the Abbot of Glaston- 

 bury. Archdeacon Denison, referring to these letters, says : — 

 " Windmills are said to have been first introduced into England 

 a.d. 1299. The mills in this last extract appear to have been 

 windmills. Mine is a clear oase of a watermill. There is, I 



believe, no trice in Greek antiquity of either water or windmill, 

 none in Latin antiquity of a windmill. Palladius and Vitravias 

 have something about watermills. There is nothing in the 

 second extract from the Glastonbury book about honey rent. 

 Money rent seems to have risen a good deal between 1189 and 

 1322."— {Times.) 



OUR LETTER BOX. 



Roup {Quandary). — Wa know of no "core" for roup. All that can be 

 done ia to keep up the patient's strength. Give your diseased birds bread 

 Boaked in ale once daily, and separate them from the healthy birds, for tho 

 disease is contagious. 



Fowl's Toe Brokex (W. H. W.).— Let the whits of an egg be well beaten 

 up with a fork and spread upon a strip of thick, soft, brown paper, aa wide aa 

 can be conveniently wrapped around the broken toe. Tho fowl should be 

 held by an assistant ; the toe alightly stretched, so aa to bring the ends of 

 the bonea in a straight line ; the moistened paper should b 3 wrapped smoothiy 

 round several times, and Beeured by two or three turns of thread ; and lastly, 

 to prevent the parts being moved bafore the papar haa become dry and stiff, 

 a thin splint of wood, such aa ia used for lighting pipea, may ha bound with 

 thread on each side. 



Brahsia Cock (Anxious). — The symptoms are tlnse of weakness, and not 

 unusual, as the bird ia moulting. Give him bread soaked in ale onco or twice 

 daily until the moulting is complete. 



Goat-keeping.—" S." aska for directions how to keep goats and the kind 

 which is to be preferred. If soine correspondent will inform us we shall be 

 obliged. 



METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 



Caiiden Square, London. 



Lat. 51° 32' 40" N. ; Long. 0° 8" 0" W. ; Altitude, 11 1 feet. 



Date. 







9 A.M. 









In the Day. 









.'.* 







O-a . 



Shade Tem- 



Radiation 



■g 



1S76. 



g a 1 " > 



ter. 





~~ 



OOJH 



perature. 



Temperature. 



Ci 



Oct. 





| 







In 



On 









Dry. 



Wet. 



ho 



r« 



Max. 



Min. 



Bun. 



grasa 







Inches. 



deg. 



deg. 





deg. 



deg. 



deg. 



deg. 



deg. 



In, 



We. 25 



80.810 



38.7 



88.6 



W.N.W 



49.2 



51.9 



84.7 



66.8 



287 



— 



Th. 26 



30.311 



47.2 



46.7 



N. 



48.5 



54.2 



38.2 



62 5 



34.0 



— 



Fri. 27 



30.263 



47.7 



41.8 



s.y. 



49.3 



50 5 



46 3 



54.6 



41.9 



— 



Sat. 28 



30 272 



47.6 



45 4 



N. 



49.1 



52.2 



45.6 



57 9 



43.2 



— 





31.258 



50 1 



47.1 



N. 



49 4 



55.2 



45.4 



83.0 



426 



— 



Mo. 30 



30.i69 



45.8 



44.7 



N.W. 



48.3 



53.4 



40.2 



921 



340 



— 



Tu. 81 



30.205 



88 9 



35.0 



N.W. 



47.6 



46.2 

 52.4 



31.2 



819 



26.1 



— 



Meana. 



30.26D 



45 3 



43.0 





48.8 



10.7 



71.8 



S5.8 



— 



REMARKS. 

 25th.— Foggy morning ; dull aud dark all day, rather less so in the afterparfc. 

 26th. — Foggy morning ; a very dull day, though without rain. 

 27th. — Fine morning, and rather so all day, but without boh. 

 28th. — Another dull calm day — no sun, no wind, no rain, bat plenty of cloud. 

 29th.— Rather hazy early, but a fine sonny day. 

 30th.— Morning fine, and beautifully fine day throughout. 

 31st.— A splendid day, the sun very bright, but the air rather cool. 



Mean temperature about 5° lower than that of last week. The weather 

 very cloudy and dull from 25th. to 28th inclusive ; since that time very lino. 

 — G. J. Syhons. 



COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— November 2. 

 Very little alteration to quote since last report. Business keeps very quiet 

 with a bare supply, the principal stock consisting of American Apples, heavy 

 importations of which are now arriving. Kent Cobs appear to have reached 

 their highest figure, as sales are not effected at last week's quotations. 



FRUIT. 



s. d. s. d. 

 1 6 to 5 

 



Apples J sieve 



Apricots dozen 



Chestnuts bushel 



Currants J sieve 



Black i do. 



Figs dozen 



Filberts lb. 6 1 



Cobs lb. 10 18 



Gooseberries quart 



GrapeB, hothouse. . . . lb. 6 6 



Lemons ^100 12 18 



MelonB each 2 5 



Nectarines dozen 



Oranges %»■ 100 



Peaches dozen 



Pears, kitchen. ... dozen 



dessert dozen 



Pine Apple b lb. 



Plums J seive 



Quinces bushel 



Raspberries lb. 



■strawberries lb. 



"Walnuts bushel 



ditto ^100 



s. d b. d 



VEGETABLES. 



Artichokes dozen 4 01 



ABparagus W 10J 



French bundle 



Beans.Kidney #-lb. 3 



Beet, Red dozen 1 6 



Broccoli bundle 9 



Brussels Sprouts. 4 sieve 3 



Cabbage dozen 1 



Carrots bunch 4 



Capsicums %*• 1 1 6 



Cauliflower d^zen 3 



Celery bundle 1 6 



Coleworts.. doz. bunches 3 



Cucumbers each 2 



Endive dozen 1 



Fennel bunch 3 



Garlio lb. 6 



Herbs bunch 3 



Horseradish bundle 4 



Lettuce dozen 6 



Leeks bunch 



Mushrooms pottle 



Mustard & Cress punnet 

 Onions bushel 



pickling quart 



Parsley.... doz. bunches 



Parsnips dozen 



Peae quart 



Potatoes buBhel 



Kidney do. 



Radishes. . doz. bunches 



Rhubarb bundle 



Salsafy bundle 



Scorzonera bundle 



Seakale basket 



ShaUots lb. 



Spinach bushel 



Tumatoes 4 sieve 



Turnips bunch 



Vegetable Marrows 



ctoO 

 



d. s. 

 4to0 

 6 1 



(J 



5 







4 



o M 



tf 



4 



5 



