January 27, 1863. ] 



JOCRNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



83 



-I. Fielding 1 . Highly Commended, J. Robinson: R. Bell; Commended, 

 S. Shaw. 



Polands (Any variety).— First, H. Carter. Second, R. P. Williams. 

 Highly Commended, Miss E. Beldon. 



Bantams (Black, and Brown Red Game).— Silver Cup, J. W. Kellewav. 

 Second, J. Camm. Third, T. H. D. Bayly. Highlv Commended, T. H. i). 

 Bayly • E. Yardley ; M. Turner ; J. Camm ; W. S. Forrest. 



Bantams (Duckwings and other Game varieties). — First, W. Silvester. 

 Second, R. Horsufall, jun. Third W. Lawrenson. Highly Commended, T. 

 Davics; J. Camm. 



Bantams (Other varieties).— First, T. H. D. Bayly. Second M. Leno, 

 jun. Highly Commended, J. Mangnall. 



Docks (Rouen).— First, J. Munn. Second, R. E. Ashton. Third, S. 

 Shaw. H ghly Commended, E. Longton ; T. Robinson; R. E. Ashton. 

 Commended, J. Foden; T. Statter. 



Ducks (Avlesburv).— First, T. E. Kell. Second, J. K. Fowler. Third, 

 Mrs. T. W. Hill. 



Ducks (Other varieties).— First, T. H. D. Bayly. Second F. "W. Earle- 



Cochin-China Chickens. — (Buff and Cinnamon).— Cup, A. F. Watkin. 

 Second, J. W. Kellewav. Third, T. Stretch. Highly Commended, T. 

 Stretch ; H. Tomiinson ; Rev. G. Gilbert; Mrs. H. Fookes ; J. W.Kelleway. 



Cochin-China Chickens (Partridge and Grouse).— First, T. Stretch. 

 Second, E. Musgrove. Third, R. White. Highly Commended, E. Musgrove. 

 ■Commended, T. Stretch. 



SINGLE COCKS. 



Cochin-China (Buff and Cinnamon). — First, Mrs. H. Fookes. Second, 

 E. Smith. Third, H. Chavasse. Highly Commended, T. Stretch; E. Mus- 

 grove ; H. Bates. Commended, J. T. Lawrence ; T. Boucher. 



Cochin-China (Partridge and Grouse). — First, E. Musgrove. Highly 

 Commended, Capt. Heaton. 



Dorking (Any variety). — First and Second, Viscountess Holmesdale. 

 Highly Commended. T. Statter; J. D. Hewson. 



S i* a n is h.— First, J. Potter. Second, T. P. Wood, jun. Highly Com- 

 mended, R. Teebay ; W, W. Brundrit 



Hamburgh (Golden-pencilled).— Prize, J. Munn. 



Hamburgh (Silver-pencilled). — Prize, D. Harding. 



Hamburgh (Golden-spuugled). — Prize, J. Mellor. Highly Commended, 

 W. Kershaw; J. Davies ; W. WorralL 



Hamburgh (Silver-spangled). — Prize, J. Fielding. 



Game Baneams (Black and Brown Reds). — First, J. W. Kelleway. 

 Second, E. Musgrove. Third, T. Moss. Fourth, T. H. D. Bayly. Highly 

 Commended, E. Yardley. 



Game Bantams (Other varieties).— First, C. W. Brierly. Second, W. 0. 

 Kenyon. Highly commended, J. Munn ; W. Lawrenson. 



SWEEPSTAKES, 

 Game Cocks. — First, F. Fletcher. Second, J. Hindson. Third, T. 

 Statter. Fourth, J. Stnbbs. Fifth, J. S. Butler. Highlv Commended, 

 T.Robinson; R.Swift; T. P. Wood, jun. ; G. Cargey. Cockerels.— First, 

 M. Billing, jun. Second, S. Mathew. Third, J. Hindson. Fourth and 

 Highly Commended, J. Fletcher. Fifth, J. S. Butler. Commended, M. 

 Billing, jun. ; J. Wood; S. Mathew ; N. Grimshaw ; C. Kellock. 



PIGEONS, 



Carriers.— First and Second, P. Eden. Commended, A. L. Silvester. 



Almond Tumblers.— First and Highly Commended, F. Else. Second, 

 P. Eden. 



Short-faced Tumblers (Any other variety). — First, P. Eden. Second, 

 2. T. Archer. Commended, F. Esquilant. 



Powters. — First, R. Fulton. Second, S. Robson. Highlv Commended, 

 P. Eden. Commended, T. H. Evans. 



Jacobins. — First, Highly Commended, and Commended, J. T. Lawrence. 

 Second, F. Esquilant. 



Turbits.— First, S. Shaw. Second, A. L. Silvester. Highly Commended, 

 J. T. Lawrence; S. Shaw. 



Barbs.— First, P. Eden. Second, J. T. Lawrence. Highly Commended, 

 S. Shaw; J. T. Lawrence. Commended, T. D. Walker. 



Owls. — First and Second, F. Else. Highly Commended, A. L. Silvester. 

 Commended, H. Morris. 



Fantails.— First, J. W. Edge. Second and Highly Commended, F. Else. 

 Highly Commended, D. Thwaite. Commended, J. R. Baily, jun. 



Trumpeters.— First, S. Shaw. Second, W. n. C. Oats. Highly Com- 

 mended, J. R. Baily, jun. Commended, S. Robson. 



Ant other Breed.— First and Third, S. Shaw. Second, A. L. Silvester. 

 Fourth, F. Esquilant. Highly Commended, A. P. Lette ; A. S. Bretherton. 

 Commended, H. Yardley. 



THE GEEAT FRENCH POULTRY FARM. 



With care and good management, no branch of domestic 

 industry is more profitable than rearing poultry. Many persons 

 have supposed that what is profitable on a small scale might be 

 made still more so when carried on to a larger extent, but 

 repeated experiments in this and other countries have proved 

 this to be a mistake. The secret of the matter is, that hens 

 ■cannot thrive and lay without a considerable quantity of animal 

 food. Where but a limited number of fowls ore kept about the 

 farmyard, the natural supply of insects is sufficient to meet this 

 demand ; and hence, when attempts have been made to extend 

 the business beyond this source of supply, they have not pros- 

 pered. It will be seen from the following interesting account, 

 that II. de Sora, of France, has adopted a method that has 

 proved completely successful, by affording an artificial supply of 

 this essential portion of food. 



The French practical philosophers certainly know how to make 

 the most of things. A M. de Sora has recently discovered the 

 secret of making hens lay every day in the year by feeding them 

 on horseflesh. The fact that hens do not lay eggs in winter as 



well as in summer is well known, and the simple reason appears 

 to be that they do not get the supply of meat which they obtain 

 in the warm season from worms and insects. M. de Sora was 

 aware of all these facts, and living at the time upon an old, 

 delapidated estate a few miles from Paris, the acres having been 

 bequeathed to him a few years previously, he set himself earnestly 

 at the task of constructing a henery which should be productive 

 twelve months in the year. He soon ascertained that a certain 

 quantity of raw mince-meat, given regularly with other food, 

 produced, the desired result; aud commencing with only some 

 300 female fowls, he found that they averaged the first year, 

 some twenty-five dozen eggs in the 365 days. The past season 

 he has wintered, thus far, about 100,000 hens, and a fair pro- 

 portion of male birds, with a close approximation to the same 

 results. During the spring, summer, and autumn they have the 

 range of the estate, but always under surveillance. In winter 

 their apartments are kept at an agreeable temperature ; and 

 although they have mince-meat rations the year round, yet the 

 quantity is much increased during the cold weather. They have 

 free access to pure water, gravel, and sand, and their combs are 

 always red. To supply this great consumption of meat, 11. de 

 Sora has availed himself of the superannuated and damaged horses 

 which can always be gathered from the stables of Paris and the 

 suburbs. The useless horses are taken to an abattoir owned 

 by 51. de Sora himself, and there neatly and scientifically 

 slaughtered. The blood is saved clean and unmixed with offal ; 

 it is sold for purposes of the arts at a remunerative price. The 

 skin goes to the tanner ; the head, hoofs, shanks, &c, to the 

 glue-maker and Prussian blue manufacturer ; the large bones 

 make a cheap substitute for ivory with the button-maker, while 

 the remainder of the osseous structure is manufactured into 

 ivory black, or used in the shape of bone-dust for agricultural 

 purposes. Even the marrow is preserved ; and much of the 

 fashionable and highly perfumed lip-salve and pomade was once 

 enclosed iu the leg bones of old horses. Uses are also found for 

 the entrails, and, in fact, no portion of the beast is wasted. 



The flesh is carefully dissected off the frame, of course, and 

 being cut into suitable proportions, it is run through a series 

 of revolving knives, the apparatus being similar to a sausage 

 machine of immense size, and is delivered in the shape of a 

 homogeneous mass of mince-meat, highly seasoned, into casks, 

 which are instantly headed-up, and conveyed per railroad to the 

 egg-plantation of 5l. de Sora. 



The consumption of horses for this purpose by 11. de Sora 

 has been at the average rate of twenty-two per day for the last 

 twelve months, and so perfectly economical and extensive are all 

 his arrangements, that he is enabled to make a profit on the cost 

 of the animals by the sale of the extraneous substances enumerated 

 above — thus furnishing to himself the mince-meat for much less 

 than nothing, delivered at his henery. It has been ascertained 

 that a slight addition of salt and ground pepper to the mass is 

 beneficial to the fowls ; yet M. de Sora does not depend upon 

 these conditions alone to prevent putrefaction, but has his store- 

 rooms so contrived as to be kept at a temperature just removed 

 from the freezing-point through the year, so that the mince-meat 

 never becomes sour or offensive ; the fowls eat it with avidity ; 

 they are ever in good condition, and they lay an egg almost 

 daily in all weathers and in all seasons. The sheds, offices, and 

 other buildings are built around a quadrangle, enclosing about 

 twenty acres, the general feeding-ground. This latter is sub- 

 divided by fences of open paling, so that only a limited number 

 of fowls are allowed to herd together, and these are ranged into 

 different apartments, according to their age, no bird being allowed 

 to exceed the duration of four years of life. At the end of the 

 fourth year they are placed in the fattening-coops for about three 

 weeks, fed entirely on crushed grain, and then sent alive to the 

 city of Paris. 



As one item alone in this immense business, it may be men- 

 tioned that in the months of September, October, and November 

 last, M. de Sora sent nearly 1000 dozens of capons to the 

 metropolis. He never allows a hen to sit. The breeding-rooms 

 are warmed by steam, and the heat is kept up with remarkable 

 uniformity to that evolved by the female fowl during the 

 process of incubation, which is known to mark higher on the 

 thermometer than at any other period. A serie3 of shelves, one 

 above the other, form the nests, while blankets are spread over 

 the eggs to exclude any accidental light. The hatched ehieks 

 are removed to the nursery every morning, and fresh eggs laid 

 in to supply the place of empty shells. A constant succession of 

 chickens is thus insured, and, moreover, tie feathers aro free from. 



