May 26, 1S63. ] 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



387 



ind Blythe, both well known as possessing great experience in 

 conducting poultry shows to a successful termination. 



At this early period it is impossible to give a detailed and very 

 critical account of the proceedings, which must of necessity be 

 deferred until next week's Journal. We may say that most of 

 the well-known exhibitors have entered, and that the Game 

 classes are unusually full and good for a London show. Dorkings, 

 of course, are well represented, and all the varieties of Hamburghs 

 muster in rery good force. 



Subjoining the prize list we defer our further remarks until 

 our next issue. 



Sfasish.— Firs:, vi-'coaECess Holu:esdale. Second, R. Wright. Third, 

 :. Boo i. 



Dor£i>-g3. — First and Second, Viscountess Holmesdale. Third, J. 

 Drewry. 



Cochi>--Chi>*a ,'BoiF or Cinnamon) .—First, C. T. Bishop. Second, T. 

 Stretch. Third, S. Statham. 



Cochin-Chtsa [Any other colour;.— Captain Heaton. Second, R. Chase. 

 Third. E. Tndman. 



Hambcesh iOolden-pencilied).— First, J. E. Powers. Second, K. Barter. 

 Third, A. XuttalL 



Haaibckgh .Silver-pencilled .—First, Viscountess Holmesdale. Second, 

 H. Beldon. Third, J. Dixon. 



HiMBcaoa (Golden-spao?led\ — First, S. H. Hvde. Second, X. Marlor. 

 Third H.Carter. 



HotBCBGH (Silver-spangled). — First, T. Davies. Second, F£. Beldon. 

 Third, H. Carter. 



Game (Black Keds). — First, Cant. Wetherall. Second, J. Fletcher. 

 Third, S. Matthew. 



Gaite Brown Reds).— First, Rev. F.Watson. Second, M. G. AshwelL 

 Third. S. Matthews. 



Game [Dackwing 1 .— First, K.Gilbert. Second, J. Fletcher. Third, G. W. 

 L&ngdale. 



Game ^Aev other Variety'. — First, W. Dawson. Second, Ff. Adams. 

 Third, Rev. G. S. Cmwys. 



Ayr VAr-i^TT [not named). — First, T. P. Edwards (White-crested Black 

 PolandsV Second, P. P. Cother .Pheasant Malay). Third, J. Dixon 

 [PoJands . 



Braeuea Pooteas —First and Third, C. Priest. Second, J. Hinton. 



Game Botahs ^Any variety). — First, R. B. Postans. Second, W. J. 

 Forrest. Third. G. Manning. 



Bastjms (Gold and Silver-laced).— First, Rev. G. S. Crnwys. Second, 

 T.H. D. Bayley. Third, G. Manning. 



Ba>-tahs ;0:her varieties'. — First, Capt. F. Marten (Japanese Mufflers). 

 Second, Cape. Wetherall (White). Third, Miss K. Charlton iBIack). 



SWEEPSTAKES. 



Gake Cocks — First, J. Stnbbs. Second, H. Adams, Third, A. B. Dyas. 



BaNT\ats (.Game:.— First, T. Ff. D. Bayley. Second, N. Sykes, fun. 

 Third, J. Camm. 



Jcdues. — Mr. Hewitt, Sparkbrook, Birmingham ; and Mr. 

 Tegetmeier, Muswell Hill, London. 



GAPES LN FOWLS. 



Upox the parasitical worm causing this affection in poultry 

 and some other birds, Professor Sknonds recently made the 

 following observations: — 



"With regard to fowls and the existence of worms in their 

 windpipes ; in that case the worm is not the Filaria bronchialis, 

 nor is it allied to that description of worm. 



" It is termed Svngamus rrachialis, and believed to be the 

 connecting link between the bi-sexual worm and those in which 

 the sexes were separate and distinct. The worms very rarely 

 exist in larger numbers than about two or three, though he had 

 met with as m3ny ss five in the windpipe of a chicken. It is a 

 true blood-sucker — in fact, a leech. It fixes its head in the 

 mucus membrane, and exhausts the power of the chicken by 

 sucking its blood. 



" Another curious feature in reference to this worm is, that it is 

 met with in ail the gallinaceous tribes of birds, whether wild or 

 domesticated : hence it is the cause of great loss in the rearing 

 of Pheasants and Partridges. Great numbers of Rooks al=o are 

 killed by it ; but, singularly enough, aquatic birds, such as Ducks 

 and Geese, might march about with perfect impunity amongst 

 thousands of other things affected with the Svngamus. 



" The -.node of getting rid of the worms is entirely mechanical 

 — passing a feather into the trachea, and giving it a sweep round. 

 The worm attaches itself to the barbs of the feather, and so is 

 brought away. That being the case, there is no occasion for the 

 feather t-) be dipped in turpentine ; on the contrary, dipping 

 the feather into turpentine is more likely to kill the chicken. A 

 great many chickens, however, are destroyed by this means ; and 

 he believed that they could best get rid of the worms by miking 

 the birds inhale a medicated air, and inducing them to take up 

 little peliets of food mixed with assafeetida aud turpentine. Let 

 a few grains of barley, for example, be steeped in turpentine, and 

 be thrown down with others to the poultry. The birds would 

 then pick up the grains indiscriminately, and if they picked up 



the steeped grain with the other the worm would thus be got rid 

 of. The fumes of tobacco are also an excellent remedy. Let the 

 chicken be placed under a tub propped up a little on one side ; 

 then burn the tobacco on the outside, and let the draught carry 

 the smoke into the tub. Do this, and with the assistance of 

 assafeetida pills, they would even destroy the Syngamus trachialia." 



FOOD OF CHICKS PREVIOUS TO "WEARING. 



Sloppt matters are better avoided till the little things are old 

 enough to eat a few grains of good wheat, of the best sample, 

 which will not be thrown away upon them. Meat and insect 

 diet are almost necessary ; but raw vegetables chopped small, or 

 Indian meal dough, containing no salt, so grateful to young 

 Turkeys, are caviare to chickens. But whatever the bill of fare, 

 the meals must be given at short intervals ; as much as they can 

 swallow, as often as they can eat. The reader will please to 

 remember that when he came into the world, all that was 

 expected of him was to grow and be good-natured. He had not 

 to provide his long clothes out of his mother's milk, nor to 

 elaborate pinafores from a basin of soaked biscuit : but for poor 

 little chickens, the only known baby-linen warehouse is situated 

 in their stomachs. And with all their industry, they are only 

 half clad, till flesh and blood stop growing for a while, and allow 

 down and feathers to overtake them. 



The period at which they are left to shift for themselves 

 depends upon the disposition of the hen. Some will continue 

 their attentions to their chicks till they are nearly full grown, 

 others will cast them off much earlier. In the latter case, it 

 may be as well to keep an eye upon them for a few days, till 

 they have established themselves as independent members of the 

 gallinaceous community ; for chickens, in this half-grown state, 

 are at the most critical period of their life. They are now much 

 more liable to disease than when they were apparently tender 

 little weaklings crowded under their mother's wings. It is just 

 before arriving at this point of growth that artificially-hatched 

 chickens are so sure to fail, whether hot air, hot water, or sheep 

 skins be the substitute for the mother's care.— (Prairie Farmer.) 



FOOD ESCAPING FROM BOTTLE-FEEDERS. 



Like your Devon contributor at page 303, I too was prone to 

 ascribe the very considerable slope my boards ]»ad when the bees 

 were solely under the protection of the straw hackle, having some- 

 thing to do with the evil (but not a wide-mouthed bottle, as I 

 have never fed with one over an inch), the more so as I was once 

 greatly surprised in the spring at the effect an extreme slope had 

 on the ventilation of a colony, causing an amount of evaporation 

 at the entrance, far in advance of the colony's real strength. 



Some alterations in my apiary at the end of last season in- 

 duced me to bring the boards exactly level, without at all affect- 

 ing these disagreeable escapes of food. One of my best queens, 

 by the way, the last time I had the pleasure of an interview, I 

 observed had her full share of this unwelcome shower-bath. 



The cue to solve the enigma is, that such escapes rarely occur 

 but in the mornings, and then almost invariably alter frost. Upon 

 discussing with your last-named correspondent this same leakage 

 question in No. 36, I recorded having found quite an accumu- 

 lation of food on the board of a weak colony, which perished 

 during a long frost, an unemptied bottle being upon the board. 



Whether or not the frost causes the bees to desist from 

 removing the food is the explanation, or if it in any way effects 

 some change on the suspended food itself, liquifying it to a 

 certain extent, and inducing the running at a milder tempera- 

 ture may possibly be explained by some of your correspondents 

 more philosophical than — A Re>trew3ktee Bee-keepeb. 



BRITISH BEE-BOOES. 



I>* the series of articles, of which this is the first, I propose 

 giving a short account of all the distinct treatises on bees which 

 have been published in the United Kingdom. Several incomplete 

 catalogues of apiarian works exist. There is an alphabetical 

 list of bee-books in the Rev. W. C. Cotton's " Bee-Book." This, 

 however, is imperfect, and appears to have been a list of the 

 works in the author's library. 



In Milton's "Practical Bee-keeper" there is a list of writers 

 names chronologically arranged. This last, like Mr. Cotton's 



