June 30, 1863. ] JOURNAL OE HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



WEEKLY CALENDAR. 







465 



Day Day 



of of 

 M'nth Week. 





Weather near London in 1862. 



Sun 

 Rises. 



Sun 

 Sets. 



Moon 

 Rise. 



and Sets 



Moon's 

 Age. 



Clock 

 before 

 S-un. 



Day of 

 Year. 



JUNE 30-JULY C, 1863. 



Barometer. 



Thermom. 



Wind. 



Rain in 

 Inches. 



30 



2 

 3 

 4 

 5 

 6 



To 

 W 

 Th 

 F 



s 



SCN 



M 



Hormann born, 1640. E. 

 Princess Alice Married, 1862. 

 Martin died, 1727. B. 

 Sea Lungwort flowers. 

 Jungermann born, 1572. E. 

 5 Sunday after Trinity. 

 O. Jacob born, 1550. B. 



29.925—29.878 

 29.888—29.873 

 29.803-29.779 

 29.876—29.795 

 29.857—29.780 

 29.653—29.543 

 29.424-29.381 



degrees. 

 71—40 

 72-54 

 70—43 

 60-39 

 69—51 

 74—52 

 72-53 



N.W. 



N.W. 



N.W. 



W. 



s.w. 



S.E. 



w. 



.01 

 .23 



.29 

 .02 



m. h. 

 48af3 

 49 3 



49 3 



50 3 



51 3 



51 3 



52 3 



m. h. 



ISaf 8 



16 8 

 IS S 



15 8 



17 S 

 17 8 



16 8 



m. h. 

 47 a 2 

 rises 

 58 8 

 27 9 

 54 9 

 17 10 

 40 10 



14 



o 



16 

 17 

 18 

 19 

 20 



m. s. 

 3 14 

 3 25 

 8 37 

 3 48 



3 59 



4 10 

 4 20 



181 

 182 

 183 

 184 

 186 

 186 

 187 



Meteorology of the Week.— At Chiswick, from observations during the last thirty-six years, the averag 

 temperatures of these daysare 74.6° and 51.0° respectively. The greatest heat, 97°, occurred on the 5th, in 1S52 ; an 

 on the 30th, in 1849. During the period 152 days were tine, and on 100 rain fell. 



e highest and lowest 

 d the lowest cold, 35% 





























PEAS, AND HOW TO GEOW THEM. 



O serve the table no vegetable 

 contributes more than the 

 Pea — the Potato always ex- 

 cepted. It does moderately 

 well on all soils, and in all 

 parts of our climate, high ele- 

 vations excepted. Peas, however, 

 do best on lightish loams, and in- 

 differently on a clay formation. 

 For a very early crop the soil 

 can hardly be too light, for it is 

 not quality nor quantity that is 

 aimed at, but extreme earliness. 

 A somewhat stronger soil is best 

 to affordasuccessionof early Peas, 

 and a deep, loamy soil is what 

 suits main crops. Heavy soils 

 with a good deal of marl in them 

 afford excellent Peas late in the 

 season, and in dry summers heavy 

 soil is better than light. Taken 

 in a general way, Peas delight in deep, rich, and friable 

 loamy soil, and by well exposing heavy soil to the in- 

 fluence of the weather, and forking it over on dry, frosty 

 mornings, the most tenacious soil may be brought into a 

 condition to suit this crop. Trenching is almost necessary 

 to secure good .r/eas ; and an open site, but sheltered from 

 strong gaies, is essential. A liberal dressing of manure 

 is necessary, and should be well mixed with the soil, for 

 when the roots are very highly fed the Peas run too much 

 to haulm, become gross instead of sturdy, and never pro- 

 duce so abundantly as those on moderately rich soils. 



Peas may be divided into numerous sections, but I 

 shall be content to deal with them in three ways. First, 

 in small gardens ; Secondly, in moderate-sized gardens ; 

 and Thirdly, in large gardens. I will provide for a suc- 

 cession of this prime esculent in all three eases, and give 

 the earliest period they have come into bearing with me 

 and my neighbours, and the latest period at which they 

 may be expected. 



The earliest period we have heard of Peas being 

 gathered in this county (Yorkshire), was the Early May, 

 on the 29th of that month, and I have gathered Peas 

 myself on the 17th of December, and have heard of their 

 being gathered on the 25th of that month. These, how- 

 ever, are extreme cases, and are no criterion to work by. 

 In well-sheltered, sunny localities, and on light soils, the 

 7th of June is a very fair time to gather early Peas, and 

 between tnat date and the 15th Peas may be expected in 

 quantity. On heavy soils they will be a fortnight later, and 

 in high, bleak, and cold soils, a fortnight later still. From 

 that time Peas can be had until the frost cuts them off. 



Very much depends on the weather, and the condition 

 of the Peas, to determii,e the amount of frost that will 

 destroy them. If the weather has been hot or dry some 

 time before the frost occurs, 6" of frost will not harm 

 them, and in one case I knew them stand 10° of frost 

 No. 118.— Von. IT., Nbw Ssbtju. 



without sustaining any great injury ; but if the weather 

 has been warm and moist prior to a frost, very few 

 degrees below freezing will destroy them. 



1st. Peas in Small Gardens. — Large or tall growers 

 are not adapted to limited areas. They take up too much 

 room, and overshadow everything else. But, "I like 

 Marrowfats," I hear some one say. Well, and you shall 

 have them. Dig or trench the Pea-ground as early as 

 possible in the autumn, giving a good dressing of manure, 

 and if the soil be heavy or tenacious throw it into ridges 

 as roughly as possible, throw it back early in February, 

 choosing a dry frosty morning for the operation, break- 

 ing and pulverising with a fork (spades are puddle-makers 

 on heavy soils), all the hard lumps not frozen, and leave 

 the whole as level as possible. Any time after the 15th 

 of February sow, when the weather permits, a gill of 

 Dillistone's Early Prolific, and the same quantity of 

 Sangster's No. 1, or its synonyme Daniel O'Rourke, 

 choosing the warmest corner and most sunny part of the 

 land set apart for Peas. Allow 3 feet between the rows ; 

 and if you like Spinach, and have the ends of the Pea- 

 rows pointing north and south, sow a row between the 

 Peas, and a few Radishes may be sown between also. 

 The drills should not be deeper than an inch, and if the 

 Peas be covered that depth it is enough. If sown much 

 deeper the seed will rot, if the season be cold and wet, 

 and what we very often blame the seedsman for too often 

 is our own fault. Should any fear of mice being trouble- 

 some be apprehended, rub the moistened Peas in red lead 

 before sowing, and set a brick-trap or two to prevent their 

 nibbling the points of the shoots off when they appear, 

 and if slugs are troublesome sprinkle soot over and around 

 the Peas. There is another enemy, and that is my friend 

 the sparrow. Black thread strung about 6 inches above 

 the Peas hung with bits of glass, will keep him at bay ; 

 but pray do not kill him with poisoned wheat, he will 

 make amends for his thieving propensities by eating 

 thousands of caterpillars. 



Early in March sow a row, a gill or a pint, according 

 to the quantity of ground, of Sangster's No. 1, and the 

 same of Bishop's Longpodded. Sow a little Spinach and 

 a few Radishes, or a bit of Lettuce seed between the 

 rows to gather or cut early. Nevermind what this body 

 or t'other body says about their spoiling Peas, for I 

 follow this plan myself, and get a few nice dishes of 

 Spinach for my master's table, some nice Radishes to eat 

 »ith cheese, and a few Lettuce plants to transplant, and 

 these are off before the Peas attain any great height, so 

 that there is no fear of their being smothered. 



Prepare some Larch or Spruce branches, for those 

 make the best pea-sticks, Beech and Hornbeam are the 

 next best, and Hazels will do well. Point those neatly, 

 and set them in a corner to be ready against the time 

 when the Peas are 3 inches high, when draw some earth 

 to the Peas and put in the sticks on both sides of the 

 row, keeping them as wide at top as at bottom, and not 

 letting them meet at top, as if Peas were grown to be 

 huddled and smothered. The sticks are best when a 

 little longer than the specified height of the various kinds, 

 No. 770.— Voi. XXIX, Old Siehj, 



