7. T errace forest . — This? is not an outstanding type. In general it 

 resembles that of the slopes and uplands except that, being" level, it re- 

 tains more moisture and this is reflected in slight differences in the vege- 

 tation. Much the same type of forest occurs in places along the bottom-land 

 bluffs and on the gentle slopes bordering the valleys of some of the brooks. 

 !Terrace forest appears to be the nearest approach to a climax of any type 

 of vegetation observed on the refuge. Species commoner here than elsewhere 

 are Fagus grandi folia and Liri ode ndron tulipif era . Ilex opaca and Kalmia 

 latifolia are common members of the understory. Abundant herbs are: 



Dryopteris ncveboracensis. 

 lycopodium compl ana turn. 

 Carex swanii. 



Mcdeola virgiuiana. 

 Epifagus virginiana. 

 Lfitchella re-pens. 



8. Slope and upland forest . — This characterizes a greater part of the 

 area than does any other type. It is usually of mixed oak and pine, but on 

 recently cleared land it is pure pine. On some cut-over ereas the stand is 

 largely oak. The dominant trees . end characteristic shrubs and herbs of slope 

 and upland forest are: 



Trees 



Pinus rigida. 

 P. virginiana. 

 Que reus alba. 



Quercus coccinea. 

 Q. falcata. 

 Q,. velutina. 



Shrubs 



Castanea pumila (cn.t-over 



areas ) . 

 Ga7v'lussaeia baccats,. 

 G. frondosa. 



Kalmia latifolia. 

 Hho do dendron nu li f 1 o rum . 

 Yaccinium stamineum. 

 V. vrcillans. 



Herbs 



Pteridium latiusculum. 

 Chimaphila maculs^ta. 



Pyrola americana. 

 3t) i f a hus vi r gi ni ana . 



9. Ab andoned field s. — Recently cultivated land comprises a large 

 acreage, mostly on slopes and uplands, but also to some extent on terraces 

 along the Patuxent Talley. The soils of the latter are noticeably more 

 sandy than elsewhere, and this is reflected .in differences in vegetation. 

 A characteristic of fields that have been out of cultivation for 1 to 3 

 years is the great variety of weedy species that grow there. Host common 

 of these are: 



