Recent Changes in the Flora of Montreal 487 



Yale, B.C., nearly twenty years ago; but now, wherever 

 the Canadian Pacific road goes, there it grows in thou- 

 sands, and is carried by the wind "tumbling" and 

 spreading its seeds. All summer. 



Gymnocladus dioica (L.) Koch. — Only a few speci- 

 mens of this tree, Kentucky Coffee Tree, used to be 

 found on the Island of Montreal, but it has taken root in 

 Mount Royal Cemetery and bears fruit so well in its 

 large pods that it is multiplying rapidly. May- June. 



Euphorbia hirsuta (Torr.) Wiegand. — This little 

 prostrate spurge was somewhat rare in and around the 

 city twenty years ago, but the railways have carried it 

 far and near. Like the Amaranthus blitoides it flour- 

 ishes where the ground is mixed with cinders. June- 

 September. 



Acer negundo L. — The Manitoba maple, as it is call- 

 ed, has made itself very much at home in the Montreal 

 district, into which it was introduced about thirty years 

 ago. It is a great fruit-bearer and requires no help to 

 get itself distributed. It has the advantage of being a 

 quick grower, and so it is useful in bare places in which 

 trees are wanted soon, vying with the poplar in the 

 rapidity of its growth. The grosbeak, which visited 

 Montreal last winter, found in the fruit of this tree its 

 chief sustenance although it did not disdain the bar- 

 berry. April. 



Mgopodium podagraria L. — This European umbel 

 has established itself very thoroughly in the writer's 

 back yard. It requires no nursing to get on. How it 

 got there no one can tell. May-June. 



Grindelia Sqnarrosa (Pursh) Burial. — This western 

 (gum) plant owes its distribution also to the Canadian 

 Pacific Railway. Only a single plant so far came under 

 the eye of the writer, and it was found on a vacant lot 

 in the heart of the city; but doubt-less more have taken 



