NORTH AMERICAN FLORA 



[Volume 34 



Receptacle conic, acute, usually with 

 evident raised points on which the 

 individual flowers are borne. 

 Plants not floccose. 

 Plants floccose. 

 Achenes obpyramidal, only 2-3 times as 

 long as broad ; throat of the disk-corollas 

 elongate-funnel-form, trumpet-shaped, 

 or cylindric, many times as long as the 

 tube; bracts usually narrow (except in 

 Plateilema) . 

 Involucre campanulate to hemispheric; 

 bracts erect or ascending, not reflexed.- 

 Involucre rotate; bracts spreading, 

 wholly or at least the tips reflexed in 

 age. 

 Bracts of the involucre with thin, more or less 

 scarious and colored margins. 

 Style-branches long and filiform, stigmatose to near 

 the apex, hispidulous down to the fork or below ; 

 both disk- and ray-corollas rose-purple; invo- 

 lucre from elongate-turbinate to almost cylin- 

 dric. 

 Achenes linear or oblong, not distinctly angled, terete 

 or oval in cross section, 8-20-ribbed or -striate, 

 or rarely nerveless. 

 Receptacle flat or merely convex. 

 Disk -flowers fertile. 



Heads usually many-flowered ; bracts many 

 or, if few, not subtended by a few small 

 calyculate ones; achenes linear. 

 Heads few-flowered; bracts few, subtended 

 by 1—3 small calyculate ones; achenes 

 elliptic. 

 Disk -flowers neutral. 



Heads many -flowered and many-bracted ; 



leaves alternate. 

 Heads few -flowered and few-bracted ; leaves 

 opposite or basal (several genera in the 

 tribe MillERIEae). 

 Receptacle conic or dome-shaped. 



Subtribe 10. BaerianaE. ' 

 Sub tribe 11. EriophyixanaE. £■' 



Subtribe 12. TetraneuranaE. 



Subtribe 13. Gaillardianae. 

 Subtribe 6. HymEnopappanae. 



Subtribe 7. Palafoxianae. 



Subtribe 8. ChaEnactidanae. 

 Subtribe 14. FlavErianaE. 

 Subtribe 9. BlennospERmatanae. 



Subtribe 10. BaerianaE. 1 



Subtribe 1. JAUMEANAE. Heads usually radiate, sometimes discoid. 

 Ray-flowers pistillate and disk-flowers hermaphrodite ; all fertile. Corollas yel- 

 low, those of the rays deciduous. Involucre of usually broad bracts in 3-5 

 series, imbricate and the outer usually successively shorter. 



Receptacle not bristly; herbs. 

 Leaves opposite, sessile. 



Pappus wanting; heads radiate. 1. CoinogynE- 



Pappus present. 



Pappus of short squamellae; heads discoid. 2. EspEJOA. 



Pappus of plumose bristles; heads radiate. 



Achenes 5 -angled; pappus-bristles broadened and paleaceous at the 



base; bracts firm. 3. ChaETymenia. 



Achenes flattened ; pappus-bristles not dilated at the base ; bracts 



herbaceous. 4. Arnicastrum. 



Leaves alternate. 



Pappus of plumose bristles; leaves sessile, lanceolate. 5. Olivaea. 



Pappus wanting; leaves petioled, with cordate blades. 6. Venegazia. 



Receptacle bristly; undershrubs. 7. Clappia. 



1. COINOGYNE Less. Linnaea 6: 520. 1831. 



Perennial herbs with creeping branched rootstocks and narrow, entire, opposite, sessile, 

 fleshy leaves. Heads solitary, radiate. Involucre campanulate-turbinate ; bracts rather 

 few, broad, in 3-4 irregular series, herbaceous but rather firm, many-striate, rounded at the 

 apex. Receptacle conic, alveolate, naked. Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile, in a single series; 

 ligules short, 3-nerved and 3-toothed at the apex, ascending, glabrous, yellow. Disk-flowers 

 many; corollas glabrous, regular; tube short, slightly enlarged at the base; throat slightly 

 dilated; limb 5-cleft. Anthers elongate, obtuse at the base. Style-branches with short 



