552 
When we add a new substance, then this divides itself between 
the liquids; its concentrations #,2,... are defined by (7). [It is 
apparent that the w’s in (7) have quite another meaning as in (25), 
(26) and (27)). 
For reaction (26) 2 (2e) = 2,2, + Aa,#, +..., in which occur only 
the 2’s, not the w’s. As the 2’s are all positive, 2(2r) is also positive. 
With this we assume that heat must be added, in order that reaction 
(26) takes place from left to right, so that also 2(4H) is positive. 
The sign of 2(2V), however, is indefinite. [It is apparent that in 
(AH) and Z(AV) the w’s of (26) occur also]. 
Now it follows from (12) and (15) _ 
PED apd ED) Oa . 6 20 » (ZE) 
Hence it follows: when we have an invariant (Por 7’) equilibrium 
with 2 or more liquids, which are situated all in reaction-conjunction 
and when we add a new substance, then: 
under constant P the stratification temperature is lowered ; 
at constant 7’ the stratification-pressure is raised when the volume 
increases at the formation of the liquids; 
lowered when the volume decreases at the formation of liquids. 
For reaction (27) is 
Ba (AV) ec yt et —i1,« 
so that E(4r) may be as well positive as negative. This depends 
on the partition of the new substance X between the different liquids. 
In order to illustrate this further we consider a definite case, 
viz. the equilibrium 
i Ib TE OEE vene SPUN rots o (8) 
between the 7 components YZ... N. Consequently in this equili- 
brium all components, excepted Y, occur as solid phases. As there 
are, therefore, n—1 solid and 2 liquid phases, it is invariant (P or 
T). Now we represent the reaction by: 
Melee debe ZE i Tp EN + Anti N=0 . (80) 
so that Z(Ae)=A,a,-+4,2,. For the definition of the relation 
between 4, and A, we take from (10) the equation 2() 7)=0. 
As the substance Y occurs only in the two liquids, it follows: 
23 (Cl) = 2) de 2,95 SSO go oo oo (GI) 
Hence it appears that A, and 2, have opposite signs, so that 
reaction (30) belongs to type (27). We write it in the form: 
AZ ee a lin silk. (PE) 
We have put, therefore 2,1, consequently 2, is positive; of 
course one or more of the coefficients 4,.... may be negative. 
= 1), Big oee 
