744 
seldom, which can be easily understood, as the two latter, being 
relatively young species, have already long since lost this border- 
line of p”. 
Comparing the wing-designs of gallii, zygophylli and livornica 
(as figured in Seitz, comp. vol. II Taf. 41. d.) I come to the con- 
clusion that in the second of these species the line in question, fa, 
is present without exception, but that it has been dislocated a little 
towards the internal side, and moreover that this line is also present 
in Pergesa oldenhamii and japonica, and likewise in Celerio bois- 
duvalii and minor, though its shade may differ in saturation. 
For the rest I cannot well understand, why precisely this line 
should be of special atavistic importance; though on the other side 
it is of course beyond discussion that it has originated by the 
coalescence of the external row of spots (Bar I), which runs parallel 
to and in the immediate neighbourhood of the external margin of 
the wings. Nor am | able to see why there still should exist differences 
in the degree of atavism between the several transverse striae, which, 
according to Denso occur from time to time as variations in the 
different species. Denso himself seems inclined to accept this difference, 
for he says: 
“In contrast to the line fa, which forms a feature restricted to 
forms within the limits of the genus Ce/erto, another atavistic line 
goes back to a far wider plan, viz. to elements of design also 
appearing in the genus Pergesa. I mean a dark line fa,, which, 
beginning at the costal spot mc,, runs along the costal zone ac and 
parallel to the proximal margin of p, towards the posterior wing- 
border. Very often this line forms a connecting link between the 
spots mc, and mce,. It only occurs in specimens, where the tendency 
to dissolution of the costal zone into separate costal-spots shows 
itself, or in which this dissolution has already been achieved, e.g. 
zygophylli, vespertilio, the euphorbiae-group and nicaea. Never on 
the contrary does it appear in Aippophaes, gallii and lineata”. 
Judging from vespertilio, when compared with askoldensis and 
mellus, the line in discussion must be the one I designed as Bar III, 
but which here must have blended with IV, traces of this line being 
present not only in some, but in all specimens of dahli and euphorbiae, 
near to the posterior margin of the wing. 
In accordance with these remarks, it is self-evident that my views 
about the wing-markings of the ewphorbiae-group are absolutely in 
contradiction with those of Denso. For this author says: “In C. 
euphorbiae L. the process of dissolution of the original Celerio-design 
has proceeded very far already”. 
