Kinship. 159 



3. All my father's sisters are my aunts. All my 

 mother's brothers are my uncles. This is the key to the 

 whole system. 



4. I being male, all my brothers' children are my 

 children ; but all my sisters' children are my nephews and 

 nieces. 



5. I being female, all my sisters' children are my 

 cliildi'en ; but all my brothers' children are my nephews and 

 nieces. 



6. The grandchildren of all my brothers, and those of all 

 my sisters, are my grandchildren. 



7. The double terms of the fraternal relationship, as in 

 the Malayan. 



From these characteristics it will be perceived that the 

 Turanian system allows a divergence into the collateral line 

 in the second generation, but returns to the lineal in the 

 third. The Barbaric Family is therefore an alternate series 

 (if I may be allowed the term), continually diverging from 

 the direct line in one generation, and returning to it in the 

 next. 



The explanation of this is beautifully simple ; the advance 

 from the Malay system resulting from the breaking up of 

 the inter-marriage between brothers and sisters, which is 

 effected in the simplest manner by the tribal organisation, 

 an institution whose object seems to be nothing more nor less 

 than to effect this purpose. 



Suppose a nation to have the Malay system. It consists 

 of a number of Communal Families, or of one such family 

 whose children always inter-marry within the family. Sup- 

 pose this nation to accept the tribal organisation. The effect 

 of this important step is to break up these inter-marriages of 

 brothers and sisters, by the simple process of dividing the 

 Communal Family into tribes, and removing all the male 

 children, or all the female, into another tribe, which gives its 

 own in exchange. In the former case, where the male 

 children are thus removed, the child is of the mother's tribe, 

 as among the North American Indians, the Kamilaroi- 

 speaking Aborigines of New South Wales, and the tribes of 

 of Mathuata, Fiji ; and the system is that which we call the 

 Ganowanian. In the latter case, where the female children 

 are thus removed, the child is of the father's tribe, as among 

 the Tamils, the Fijians (with the single exception, as far as 



