38 Skeleton of the Oorilla. 



by which it is to be wielded ; it is therefore a structure pre- 

 ordained, a predetermined character of gorilla, by which it 

 is made physically superior to man, and one can as little 

 conceive its development to be a result of external stimulus, 

 or as being influenced by the muscular actions, as the 

 development of the stomach, the testes, or the ovaria/ The 

 PrcBTtiolars of gorilla and macaque differ equally from those 

 of man, in having one fang more, besides that the crown of 

 the first of the lower jaws is much larger than the crown of the 

 second, and its face worn down by the action of the upper canine. 

 Thus, then, we have sketched out a head, brutal in form, 

 and, so far as its original segments are concerned, vastly 

 remoA^ed from that of man. One last point I will notice as 

 illustrating many that- might be demonstrated, could we 

 examine the interior of the brain-case. At the bottom of 

 each or hit in man a horizontal fissure exists between the 

 oribito- and ali-sphenoids for the transmission of motor and 

 sensory nerves to the eye, and of sensory nerves to the fore- 

 head, nose, and eyelids. This fissure is usually formed into 

 a foramen by the junction of the outer angle of the oribital 

 plate of the frontal. I say usually, for I have seen 

 the oribito- and ali-sphenoid meet, and convert it into 

 a foramen. This, however, is very exceptional, so much 

 so as not to be mentioned by Owen and most anato- 

 mists, not even by Ward, who has described more 

 minutely than any other writer the characteristics of the 

 human skeleton. It is very different, however, in gorilla 

 and macaque. . Instead of a wide fissure, a square-shaped 

 hole is seen, resulting from the union of the oribito- and 

 ali-spenoids close to their origin. It has further been pointed 

 out by Owen, and ma}^ be seen in this skull of the macaque, 

 that there are no ridges to the alee minor es defining the 

 fossa for the anterior lobe from that for the middle lobe of the 

 brain, as in man, a. short triangular j^lo^te answering to the 

 rudiments of the alee minores and to the bases of the anterior 

 clinoid processes, but not extending backwards, as in man. 

 Such characters as these, and there are many such in the 

 skull, by which both gorilla and macaque are distinguished 

 from man, could never result froni external causes ; they are 

 quite without the infiuence of muscular action, and are 

 handed down from parent to offspring ; and their import- 

 ance may be judged of when we consider that the brain case 

 is made for the brain, and not the brain for its case, and 

 that all other parts of an animal's frame are brought into 



