Maranoa District in Queensland. 39 



which I had with me in the interior in 1852, 1853, or from 

 recalculations made by myself from observations by Dr. 

 Leichardt, with the boiling-water apparatus, which I lent 

 him, and which he took with him in his last fatal journey. 

 And in any elevations used in this paper, the same sources 

 are adopted. 



It may be well to mention here, that within a week or 

 two, a north and south reef, as it is called, of calcareous rock 

 has been detected at Camboon, about 120 miles N.E. from 

 Wollumbilla, and a little east of the Dawson River, near the 

 range which separates its basin from that of the Auburn 

 Creek, a tributary of the Burnett. Mr. Findlay, who 

 detected it, found also fossil- wood and remains, as he thought, 

 of fish or reptiles. I made application to see them, and 

 duplicates were forwarded for inspection. The " fish " 

 vertebrye turned out to be encrinital stems, and as these 

 are associated with Producti and other Palaeozoic fossils, we 

 have there either a Permian or old Carboniferous formation. 



The waters of the Dawson collect from the north side of 

 the Cordillera, and its southern creeks rise in a low part of 

 the range, whence also AVollumbilla and other Balonne 

 creeks find their sources. This range also bounds the 

 Fitzroy Downs to the north-east. On one part of the fall 

 of the Dawson to Great Sandy Creek (which Leichardt 

 wrongly called the Dawson), about E. by N. from Wollum- 

 billa, at an elevation of 1,590 feet above the sea, occur 

 impressions of plants ; and at Charley's Creek, about fifty 

 miles S. E. from the latter spot, and 100 miles from Wol- 

 lumbilla, coal was found in the creek, which Leichardt 

 considered to belong to the Flagstone seam, which I examined 

 in 1853. 



The rock on the lower part of Wollumbilla Creek, at 

 Adungadoo and Bungeewaragui Creeks, on the slope of the 

 Grafton Range, and elsewhere in the country north of it 

 (as about Ruined Castle Creek, on the left bank of the 

 Dawson), is a calcareous Psammite of exceedingly fine grain, 

 with a little white mica and very little quartz, being an 

 extremely rotten stone and easily decomposing into the 

 picturesque castellated forms which the ranges in that 

 district assume. The stratification of this Psamniite is nearly 

 horizontal, except in the neighbourhood of igneous rocks. 



Over the surface in the Fitzroy Downs occur vast quan- 

 tities of pebbles of red conglomerate and sandstone, which 

 have been transmuted by igneous action ; pebbles of coarse 



