Drainage of Melbourne. 123 



sewers. That old brick drains were built and kept open at a 

 maximum of cost and a minimum of efficiency, whilst the 

 modern pipe-drains are built at a minimum of cost and a 

 maximum of efficiency. 



That simplicity of arrangement and detail have been care- 

 fully studied so as to obtain the greatest fall with the 

 shortest length of piping necessary for draining the greatest 

 possible area. That no drains are carried under buildings of 

 any kind where it can be avoided. 



That a system of earthenware-pipe drains is perfectly 

 applicable to the requirements of Melbourne and its 

 suburbs. 



The author suggested that the outlet for the main-sewer 

 should be at the junction of the Salt Water River with the 

 Yarra, aud from thence the sewage can either be utilized 

 by use on the Keilor and Werribee Plains, or allowed to 

 discharge by the River Yarra Yarra into Hobson's Bay. 



The author also suggested an exhaust-apparatus and 

 chimney-shaft at the outlet or near thereto, to free the sewer 

 from foul air. 



Tables are appended to show the practical character of the 

 system of earthenware pipe-sewers, their freedom from 

 nuisance, their harmless character to the recipient streams 

 within certain limits, and their general efficiency. Another 

 table shows the great strength of earthenware pipes for 

 practical purposes. 



Attention is directed to the poisonous emanations from the 

 large sized porous brick drains, and the freedom from nuisance 

 of the earthenware used to replace such. 



The cost* of efficiently sewering ten cities and towns of 

 England, having a total population of 123,183, and containing 

 20,457 houses, requiring a total length of sixty-nine miles 

 of sewers is given as follows : 



Total cost, £80,168 3s. 3d., being at the rate of £3 18s. 4Jd. 

 per house, or thirteen shillings per head. ' 



The author believes that £320,000 will be sufficient to 

 efficiently sewer Melbourne and its suburbs. 



* See London Builder, 5th April, 1862, " Eeport on Towns Sewered and 

 Drained," by Mr. Robert Eawlinson, Engineer. 



