December 28, 1S71. 1 



JOTJKNAL OF HOETICULTUEE AND COTTAGE GARDENER, 



509 



24 of level piping, and raised the piping from that elbow right 

 through the roof of the house. When once the stove was heated 

 it would keep the heat a long time, if the feeding-door were 

 shut, and there were a slit an inch long and from one-eighth 

 to a quarter of an inch wide in the ash-pit door, to support a 

 slow combustion. With this we would be perfectly satisfied, 

 and all the more so if the stove were placed in the centre of 

 the house. Truly, if you wished to utilise your piping against 

 the back wall, you could do so, but you must give up the 4-feet 

 of a horizontal pipe, and be content with 12 or 18 inches. 

 Then you may raise on an incline against the back wall if you 

 like, and the steeper the incline the better the draught. Your 

 stove might even stand against the back wall, and then give 

 enough of heat. 



Your second plan of moving the stove from the end of the 

 house partly into the wall, and a little sunk in the ground so as 

 to be fed from the outside, would answer better, since the 

 return smoke would be kept out of the house. Unless, how- 

 ever, the stove was sunk a great deal, the long horizontal pipe 

 from it would be objectionable so far as free draught was con- 

 cerned. If your first elbow pipe from the stove was only a foot 

 long, and the upright pipe rose from it at once, this plan would 

 answer admirably, as you would be saved from all smoke and 

 ashes in the house. The latter is always troublesome, unless 

 they are damped before clearing out the fire-place. 



Your proposed plan, No. 3, isto have the stove sunk, fed 

 from the outside, and your present 5-incU iron pipes taken 

 horizontally from it beneath the level of the floor across the 

 farther end, and thence up as a chimney against the back wall. 

 Such a plan we have never tried. We fear that you would be 

 smoked out of your stokehole. We should have no faith in 

 its answering at all unless the smoke-orifice of your stove was 

 some 2-4 to 30 inches below the level of the bottom of the pipe 

 that went beneath the floor, and these were connected with 

 two short elbows and an upright. Even then we should be 

 doubtful as to iron pipes, and more especially if they could not 

 be easily cleaned at the junctions. A small flue beneath the 

 floor, with the f amaee-bars 2 feet below the level of the bottom 

 of the flue, would answer well. Meanwhile, as you do not wish 

 to incur much expense, shorten to one-third the length of your 

 present horizontal pipe, and rise upright at once, then you may 

 continue against the back wall if you like. The short horizontal 

 piping is the secret in all stoves when the piping goes from the 

 top. There is little trouble as to draught, but the draught is 

 not so easily and thoroughly regulated from the ash-pit door as 

 when the outlet is on the side.] 



EKTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY'S MEETING. 



The December meeting of this Society was beld on the 4tli inst., 

 the President, A. R. Wallace, Esq., in the chaii*. Among the donations 

 to the Society's library received since the last meeting, were the publi- 

 cations of tlie Entomological Societies of France, Switzerland, and 

 Italy, and varions periodicals devoted to tlie snbject. Mr. S. Stevens 

 exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Sbearwood, a remarkable dark variety of 

 Argynnis aglaia (closely resembling that figured by Curtis), taken 

 near Teigumoutb. Mr. F. Bond exhibited some curious varieties and 

 malformations in specimens in Pieris Eap^e, Cheimatobia brumela, 

 and other Moths. Mr. lanson exhibited a collection of insects, chiefly 

 Coleoptera, from the diamond fields of South Afiica ; the species were 

 of the ordinary Southern African forms. Mr. Higgins esbibited speci- 

 mens of Scarites Scbro3teri, a very fine Australian species, and also of 

 Tetracba crucigera, McLeay, one of the Cicindelidae, from the neigh- 

 bourhood of Sydney. 



Professor Westwood exhibited a series of drawings and specimens 

 illustrating a species of Butterfly (PapiUo Thersander of Fabricius), 

 proving that the figures nf that species (affirmed by Donovan to have 

 been copied from the famous collection of drawings made by Mr. 

 Jones, of Chelsea, so often referred to by Fabricius), were made up by 

 Donovan from a mutilated drawing, apparently gnawed by mice, of 

 Jones's insect from Africa, completed from the Indian Charases 

 Fabius ! A discussion ensued concerning the right of named figures 

 of insects by the older authors to be regarded in questions of priority. 

 Here, however, the question was hardly applicable, because the Fa- 

 brician description was sufficiently precise, and the only difficulty 

 arose from Donovan's want of truthfulness in manufacturing a figure, 

 which- he affirmed to be a true copy, from the original drawing from 

 which the species had been described. 



"With reference to the habUity oE the larger Dragon FUes to be eaten 

 by birds, Mr. Albert MuUer stated that Mr. Natterer had mentioned 

 that some of the Falconidse in Brazil fed on Dragon Flies, thus dis- 

 proving the fanciful ground for the mimicry of the two species of 

 Dragon FUes from JTorth America, exhibited at the last meeting of 

 the Society by Mr. McLachlan. A paper was read by Major F. Pai-ry 

 on the generic nomenclature of Lissapterus Howittanus, one of the 



Lucanidas, from New Holland ; and some synonymical notes on varions 

 species of Lepidoptera by Mr. Kirby, in which it was endeavoured to 

 be proved that Cohas Hyale ought to retain the specific name of 

 P. croceus of Foureroy. 



NEW BOOK 



Elements of Agncultural CheinUtnj and Geology. By James 

 F. W. Johnston, M.A., F.E.S., Sea. Ninth Edition. Revised 

 and Edited hij G. T. Atkinson, B.A., &o. W. Blackwood 

 and Sons, Edinburgh and London. 



No manufacture but is promoted by an appropriate com- 

 bined knowledge of practice and science in the manufacturer. 

 Agriculture is a manufacture of certain crops and live stock, 

 and no manufacturer has ever been more benefited by "prac- 

 tice with science," than has the agriculturist. The science 

 most useful to Mm is a knowledge of chemistry and geology. 

 To that knowledge the book before us is one of the best of aids. 

 We remember one old gentleman, whose mental power may be 

 judged by his always beginning harvest on the 25th of July, 

 " because his father did." The same bigot in the things-that- 

 were, would not believe that underdraining was the cause of 

 corn being more productive and ripening earlier than on ad- 

 joining land undrained. " Leave the water in the land," he 

 argued, " it's wanted in surnmer and keeps out the rain In 

 winter." If it had not been for chemistry those reasons of the 

 olden time would have prevailed. 



A mere practical farmer is like a blind man who passes our 

 office. When unled he goes fumbling and shufHing along, 

 and always slowly, on the same side that he has been ac- 

 customed to — and cannot surmount any unusual obstacle — 

 that's practice ; but when he is led by his wife he steps out 

 confidently, makes short cuts, and goes ways he never knew of 

 before — that is how science guides practice. The book which 

 has led to this notice needs no better evidence than that this 

 is the ninth edition of it. It is a thoroughly good book, and 

 imparts sound useful knowledge upon every practice of crop- 

 culture and stock-feeding. 



BOWOOD.— No. 1. 



The Seat of the Makquis of Lansdowne. 



AnouT two miles from the little town of Calne, ninety-eight miles 

 from London by rail, and about twelve miles from Bath by road, 

 is Bowood, the gardens of which stand in the foremost rant. 

 VV hen the frost crisps the grass, when the mists of the winter 

 morning render distant views impossible, when the flower gar- 

 den is tenantless, when there is nothing but the green turf and 

 the leafless trees, and the evergreens less cheerful-looking than 

 in spiing and summer — that surely is not the time to see a 

 garden. It is not the time to see a garden at its best ; but if a 

 garden is fair to the eye then, how much fairer must it be when 

 Nature puts on her gayest attire, when the many-hued flowers 

 give colour to the landscape, when the Thorn and the Apple tree 

 are in blossom, or, later still, when the dazzling scarlet of the 

 Geranium is relieved by many a broad acre of green sward. 

 We have seen Bowood in its summer pride, and we saw it, too, 

 but a few days ago in its winter garb, and as in summer so iu 

 winter, we admired it stiU. But before entering into other 

 details let us give a short sketch of its history so far as certainly 

 known, for there is much of its history which is dim in the far 

 past. 



In Anglo- Saxon times Caune, now spelt Calne, and its adjacent 

 forest of Pewisham, were all royal demesne. This forest was of 

 no mean extent, for it covered the entire surface between Calne, 

 Chippenham, Laycock, and Devizes. When James I. ascended 

 the throne he disafforested the whole, and granted one-half to 

 the Devonshire Careys, and the other half, which included 

 Bowood, to the ancestors of Baron Audley. During the Pro- 

 tectorate it was resumed as public property, but Charles II. re- 

 granted it to Sir Orlando Bridgman, the licentious son of the 

 Lord Keeper, who bore the same names. Euined by extrava- 

 gance, his creditors sold it to Lord Shelbmrne, from whom the 

 Marquises of Lansdowne are descended. 



The mansion was probably partly erected by Sir Orlando 

 Bridgman, but the chief portion was erected by John Earl of 

 Shelburne, from designs furnished' by Mr. Adams, the architect. 

 A wing 300 feet in length was added by the first Marquis of 

 Lansdowne. Thus the mansion by degrees has become so very 

 extensive, and is of such various styles of architecture, that a 

 countryman once inquired at the lodge, " In which of them 

 housen Lord Lansdowne Uved! " 



