IS 



JOURNAL OF HOETICULTUEE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



[ Jannarj" 5, 1871. 



Game Baxt.ams (Eroivii-breastf^d Eeds).— Coct.— 1. T. C. i E. Newtitt. 2 W. 

 Adams, /ic. J. Palmer, Lon[;lorcl, Coventry. 



Game Baxtams (Brown-breastea Reds).— Hunj! or Pullets— 1, J. Palmer. 



AV. Adam». he, H. Shumach, Southwell, c, D. P;irsons. 



Game Baxtams (Any other variety).— Ood;.— I, Miss E. A. Crawford, Fams- 

 field. Southwell. 2, G. Daft. Jic, T. C. & E. Newbitt ; H. Shumach. c, T. C. 

 and E. Newbitt. 



GA3IE BiSTAMS (Any other variety).— H"fn.s or Pullets— 1, H. Shumach. 2, G. 

 Smith, kc, Mason & Chnrlesworth, Chesterfield, e, Key. E. S. Tiddeman, 

 Childerditch vicarage, EreDtwood. 



Baxtams (White).— 1 and 2, S. & R. Asaton. Mottram. 



Baxtaiis (Any other variety).— 1 and 3, SI. Leno (Laced Bantams). 2, H. 



Picliles, Jan. (Blade Bantams), he, Miss E. Beldon: J. Barrow, Cheadle 



(Black Bantams): J.Walts: S. i B. Ashton (Black Bantams]; W..1. Cope, 



Barnsley (Pekin Bantams), c, W. A. Taylor ; J. Thresh (Gold-laced Bantams). 



PIGEONS. 



PouTEES (Blue or Ked).— Coc7;.-l and 2, E. Fnlton, Deptford. Hcn.—l, E. 

 Horner, Harewood. Leeds. 2 and he, R. Fulton, 



PouTEEs (Any colour excent BIui or Red),— Coct-.- 1, R. Fulton. 2, E. 

 Homer, c, W. Harvey, Sheffield. i?e/t.—l, W. Harvey. -J, K. Fulton. 



CvHEiEES (Black).— Cocfc.—l, .T. F. While, Birmincham. 2, E. Horner. 

 vhe, R. Fulton, he. R- Fulton ; H. Yardlev, Birmingham. Hcn.—l, E. Horner. 

 3, R. Fulton, he, 3. Taylor. 



Cabriees (Dun) — Co'elc— 1, F. J. McLaren, Pendlebtiry. 2, G. J. Taylor. 

 Sen.—1 and 2, R. Fulton. 



Caeeieks (Any colour except Black or Dun) — Coct.— 1 and 2, J. C. Ord, 

 Pimhco. Hen.— 1. R. Fulton. 3 .and Jic, J. C. Ord. 



Deagooxs ri5eLlow).— 1, J. Holland, Manchester. 2 and vhe, F. Graham, 

 Birkenbead. 



Deagooxs (Any other colour).—! and 2, J. Holland, kc, J. T. Dorrinston, 

 Dldsbury. 



AxTWEEps.— 1. J. Williams. Mauchester. 2, Mrs. F. S. Arkwright, Sutton 

 Scarsdale, Chesterfield. 



Jacobins.- 1, J. Williares. 2 and e, E- E. M. Eoyds, PvOChdale. 



B4P3S.— 1 and 3, J. Firth, he. R. Fulton. 



F.1.XTAILS (White).— 1, C. Bulpin. Bridgw-ater. 2. J. F. Loversidse, Newark. 



Fast,ui,s (Any colour except White).— 1, J. Elgar, Osmanthorpe Hall, Nc^v- 

 ark 2, P. H. Jones, Fulham. 



TCMBLEES (Almond).— 1 and 2, K. Fulton, he, J. Ford, Monkwell Street, 

 London, c, E. Horner, 



BE.tsDs OE B.iiDs.— 1 and 2, J. Fieldinsr, jun., Rochdale, he, W. H. C. Gates, 

 Besthorpe, Newark. 



TOMELEES (Any variety).— 1, K. Fulton. 2. J. Ford. 



Nuxs.— (T/ic whole class Imving been so emdeiitly trimmed, the Judges 

 deelined an-arding any prises ) 



Magpies. — I and 2, E. Horner. 



TuEBiTs.— 1, F. Maugnall. Hantlford. 2 and he, W. Bankes, Runcorn. 



Swallows.— 1 and 2, E. Homer. 



Aechaxgels.— 1. C. Bulpin. 2, W. Harvey. 



OwLslEngUsh, Blue and SJver).— 1 and'2, F. Mangnall. he, W. Bankes; 

 P. H. Jones. 



. Owls (Foreiffn).— 1 and vhc, J. Fielding, jun. 2, W'. Harvey, he, P. H. 

 Jones. 



RCXTS.- 1. S. A. Wyllie, East Moulsey. 2. H. Yardlev. Extra 2, P. H. Jones. 



TEtjjiPETEEs — 1, J. Fivth, Dewsbnry. 2, W. H. C. Dates. 



Any othee Yaeiety xot Before Named.— 1 and 3, W. B. Tegetmeier, 

 Finehley. 2, J. Baity, jun.. Mount Street, London (German Toy), he, H. 

 Yardley(2). ' , 



Judges. — Dorldngs, Spanish, CocMn-i, FrencJi Breeds, Extra Stoch, 

 and Bantams, except Game ; Mr. E. Hewitt, Sparkbrook, Birmingham. 

 Brahma.i: Messrs. Hewitt tmd Teebay. Game and Game Bantams: 

 Mr. R. Teebay, Fnlwood, Preston. XTomljurghs, Folands, Dvcls, <-Cc- ; 

 Mr. J. Dixou, North Park, Bradford, Yorkshire. Ornamental Water- 

 fowl: Messrs. Dixon and Hewitt. Figeons: Dr. Cottle, Cheltenham ; 

 and Mr. T. H. Eidpeth, Outwood Hall, Handforth, Cheshire. 



ULCERATED FEET OF BIRDS. 

 Im your Journal of Noyetnber 'icd (page 362) I observe a 

 qiaestion about a Ballfincb's feet being tjwoUen, and Mr. Blak- 

 ston says it arises from the cage, &c., not being kept clean. 

 Now this cannot be, as I knew several kept ia a room afflicted 

 with bacl feet. I have observeii that Bullfinches seem more 

 subject to this complaint than other birds, but I have known 

 Canaries affected with it. It comes on with a sort of swelling, 

 and goes on, if not stoppei3, till the foot suppurates, and oS drop 

 "the claws and sometimes the foot. I found out a cure for 

 it in one-fourth of the solution of chloride of soda, and three 

 parts of boiled rain water with just the chill ofi, put into a 

 little galleypot, and the bird's feet put in twice or thrice a-day. 

 The same water will do for a day or so, but it must be kept 

 corked up, as this solution is a solution of soda impregnated 

 with chlorine gas, and not as many of the chemists will tell 

 you, common salt. I have known this cure birds after one or 

 two of the claws have dropped off, and it may be of use to many 

 of your readers. — A. T. 



wintry aspect, a great degree of mildness may prevail, and the 

 bees are not slow to take advantage of it for an airing. This 

 they can do with perfect impunity when the surface of the snow 

 is crisp and hard, but the case is altered if it happens to be 

 in what may be called a soft floury condition. Could bees fiy 

 out and return again without halting, the effects would be bene- 

 ficial ; but it is their practice as soon as they have accompUshed 

 the object for which they left their hives, to seek for a resting 

 place. The act of relieving themselves of a burden which has 

 been carried for some time, seems utterly to exhaust them. 

 After laying it down they not unfrequently fall to the earth or 

 reel about as if ini^oxicated. Now, either to fall or settle upoii 

 snow in a floury condition is attended with fatal results, for they 

 at once sink down into it, and their energies being exhausted, 

 they cannot recover themselves in time to escape being hope- 

 lessly chilled. 



It is a sad sight for a bee-master to witness the loss of 

 a number of valuable lives, which a little foresight and trouble 

 might have prevented. The plan of collecting these fallen and 

 seemingly dead victims of misfortune, and reviving them 

 again by the application of a little heat has often been tried, 

 but I never found it turn to good account, and I can remember 

 one instance when it was attended with positive harm. Bees 

 thoroughly benumbed in snow do not appear capable of endur- 

 ing a lengthened conAnement immediately afterwards, and many 

 of them that failed to accomplish the purpose for which their 

 outside flight was undertaken are not careful, as formerly, to 

 keep their hives pure and clean. 



Various methods for preventing deaths happening amongst 

 the snow have been recommended, and all of them are worthy 

 of notice. Some advise that the hives, as soon as winter has 

 set in, be turned round on their stands, so that the entrance 

 may be made to face tlie north. Bat this, in many cases, is 

 not practicable, and it is objectionable as leading to the death 

 of all bees that leave the hive singly on those days when the 

 time devoted to flight should be the briefest possible. Having 

 gone out without nolicing the altered position of the doorway, 

 they cannot on their return find it immediately, and the conse- 

 quence is they fly about or wander until their powers are 

 paralysed by the cold. Others, again, advise that the entrances 

 should be closed with perforated zinc or gauze. This, however,, 

 is apt to be resented by the bees, for, feeling the internal air 

 becoming oppressive and seeing the light, they crowd over the 

 zinc or gauze, seeking an exit in such numbers as to cause 

 many to be suffocated. Bonner made use of hot tow, and it 

 had this advantage — that whilst it allowed fresh air to be ad- 

 mitted within, it excluded almost entirely the entrance of 

 light ; but so long as the rays of the sun strike directly upon 

 a hive in a sheltered situation it is vdiu to hope that bees 

 j feeling the warmth will remain dormant and inactive. Conse- 

 j quently I look upon the plan described by Mr. Taylor as one of 

 the best that has yet been devised for keeping bees at home 

 when the atmosphere is chilly, or soft floury snow is on the 

 ground. It is this : " Fix before each hive a wooden screen 

 nailed to a post sunk in the ground, and large enough to throw 

 the whole front into shade. This does not interfere with the 



coming-forth of the bees at a proper temperature and 



it should be fixed a foot or two in advance, and so as to inter- 

 cept the sun's rays, which in winter will be chiefly towards the 

 west side." To this I may add that if the screen be large it 

 will he no disadvantage, but the contrary, to have it placed 

 3 or 4 feet from the front of the hive. Sbutting up entrances 

 beyond what will serve to exclude the field mouse should, if 

 possible, be avoided. — R. S. 



WINTERING BEES. 



WiNlEK has come at last, the fields this morning are all 

 white with snow, but our little favourites, sheltered by their 

 warm and well-protected habitations, can bid defiance to the 

 storm. Nevertheless, so long as snow lies on the ground, they 

 are not altogether safe from danger, or beyond the reach of 

 destructive influences. The warm rays of an unclouded sun 

 playing upon their hives will arouse them from their slumbers, 

 and, attracted by the bright light reflected in at their door.^, 

 they are liable to be allured outside, where certain death awaits 

 them. These deceitful influences would be counteracted were 

 the cold sufficiently intense to cause a timely retreat to be 

 beaten, but a very law temperature is not necessarily an accom- 

 paniment to a fall of snow. When the earth wears her most 



SPURIOUS HONEY. 



I TOOK no part in this controversy, like your esteemed corre- 

 spondent " A Deton'shiee Bee-keeper," having little light to 

 throw upon it, and I havo no knowledge of either Mr. Pettigrew 

 or " A LANAEKsniKE Bee-keeper " further than from their 

 communications to "our Journal." but I can join "in the 

 pleasure not unmingled with profit " with which I have perused 

 the contributions, not of Mr. Pettigrew alone, but of both. 



Mr. Pettigrew's efforts to expose the riscality of any bee- 

 keeper selling sugar-syrup for flower honey is worthy of all 

 praise ; and believing that this substitution could and has been 

 made, and having called attention to the same subject in this 

 Journal two years ago, I could sympathise very much with him. 

 Still, I quite agreed with "A M.\xchesteu Man" that Mr. 

 Pettigrew's remarks were unfortunate in coupling his censure 

 with the Stewatton system. From inquiiies I caused to be 



