February 2, 1871. ] 



JOURKAL OF HORTICULTUEE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



95 



Spanish rBlack),— 1, C. W. BrierleT. 2, H. Beldon. hc> Burch & Boulter, 

 Slieffield ; J. T. Hudson, Ulverston ; J. Thresh, Bradford. 



Dorkings.— 1, J. White, Warlaby, Northallerton (Grev). 2, S. H. Stott, Koch- 

 dale, kc, R. D. Holt, Orrest Head, c, R. D. Holt ; H. Beldon. 



Cochin-China— CniJUinio?! and Buff.—l, Mrs. Wilkin, Bootle. 2, J. Sichel, 

 Timperley (Buff), he, T. Stretch, Ormskirk; W. Bumell (Buif): J. Sichel 

 (Buff). Brown and Partridoe.—l, J. White, Whitbv. Wakefield (PartridEre). 

 % E. Leech, Rochdale, he, t. Stretch (Partridge). White— 1 and 2, J. Sichel. 

 he, J. Weeks, Bootle; E. Fearon (2). c, J. Cowman, Whitehaven. 



Brahiia Pootra.— 1, E. Leech. 2, J. Sichel. he, H. Lacv, Hebden Bridge; 

 J. Cowman ; H. Butler, Bradford ; W. G. Mulligan ; H. Beldon. 



KiMBVRGHS.—Goldi'ii-pencilled.—l, H. Pickles, jnn., Earby. 2, H. Beldon. 

 Silver-pencilled.—l and 2, H. Picltles. he, H. Beldon. c, W. M. Mann, Kendal. 

 Golden-spaii{jled. — 1, J. Ogden, HoUinwood. 2, H. Beldon. he, J. Buckley, 

 Taunton, Ashton-under-Lyne. Silver-spangled.— 1, Ashton & Booth, Mottram, 

 2, A. Ainslie, Ulveraton. he, H. Beldon. 



Bantams.— (j(i7H'?.—l, G. Hall. 2, J. W. Erockbank, Kirksanlon. he, J. R. 

 Robinson; J. Sichel; G. Maples, Jan., Wavertree, Liverpool; J. Mashiter. 

 c, J. Wliitham, Barrow- Ani/ other Vnriety.~l, M. Leno (Laced). 2, J. Sichel 

 (Pekin). he, H. Yardley ; M. Leno (Laced); S. & R. Ashton, Mottram (Black); 

 H. Eeldon: H. Pickles, jon. (Black). 



Geese.— 1, E. Leech. 2, S. H. Stott. he, E. Leech ; J, Hunt, c, R, B. Hud- 

 son ; T. C. Hunter, Ulverston. 



Ducks.— IT'7ii7c Aj/lcsbtirif.—l, E. Leech. 2, S. H. Stott. he, E. Fearon; J. 

 Hunt. iiOia-H.— 1, W. Gamon. 2. W.G. MulllKan. /jc, A. Dickinson; G.Porter; 

 J. White ; S. H. Stott. East Indian.—l and he, S. Bum. 2, Rev. W. Serjeant- 

 son. Any other Variety.— 1, S. Bum. 2. C. W. Brierley. he, S. Bm-n : Rev. W. 

 Sergeantson; M. Leno (Mandarin and Carolina); S.'H. Stott (Carolina); W. 

 Silvester (Carolina); H. B. Smith (Shieldrake and Carolinas). 



Any other Vaeiett.— 1, H. Beldon. 2, J. Sichel (French), he, W. G. Mulligan 

 (Scotch-Greys); Rev. W. Seiveantson, Acton Burnell (Black HamburKhs): N. 

 J. Ridley, Newbury (Malav); H. Tickles, jim. (Polanda); W. Silvester, Sheffield 

 (Polands); W. Gamon (Polish); Mrs. Wilkin (Houdans). 



Selling Class.~1 and 4, F. H. Green, Belfast (Brahmas). 2, H. Beldon, 

 Goitstock. 3, W. Boulton (Brown Red), he, E. Wadbam, Millwood. Dalton 

 (Buff Cochins) ; E. Hall, Brimintrton, Chesterfield (Duckwin'js); J. Cowman 

 (Brahma); W. Giice (Black Red Game); W. G. Mulligan, Springfield, Belfast 

 (Spanish); M. Leno, Markyate Street (Licht Brahma); W. Masland, IMilverton 

 (Cochin); C. W. Brierley; W. A. Bumell. SoutbweU. Notts: J. & J. Tyson, 

 Barrow (Brown Red); T. Jackson, Birkenhead (Silver Polands); J. Mashiter 

 (White Cochins); E. Fearon, Whitehaven; W. Gamen, Chester (Polish) (2). 

 c. H. Andrews (Brahma Pootra). 



PIGEONS. 



Carriers.— 1 and 2, E. Horner, Harewood, Leeds, he, H. Yardley, Birmln?. 

 bam; J. Smith, Ulverston; R. Lomas, Dalton; W. H. MitcheU; J. & W. 

 Towerson, Egremont. 



PouTEHS.—l, E.Horner. 2, J. iW. Towerson. /ic, J. Smith ; J. & W. Towerson. 



TuitBLEKS (Any variety). — I, J. & W. Towerson. 2, W. Boulton. ftc,H. Beldon. 



Jacoeiss.— 1, J^ W- Edge, Birmingham. 2, J. &W. Towerson. he, E. Horner. 



Antwerps.— 1, T. Cock, Lancaster. 2, H. Yardley. he, W. Arkwrigbt ; T. 

 Cock; E.Horner; W^ H. Mitchell, Meseley, Binningham (2). 



Barbs.— 1, H. Yardley. 2, E. Homer, he. E. Moretun, Hindpool, Barrow. 



TuREiTS.— 1, H. Yardlev. 2, E. Homer, he, J. W. Edge. 



Owls.— 1, H. Beldon. 2. J. Smith, he, J. Canby, Hindpool.'Barrow; J. Chad- 

 wick, Bolton ; J. & W. Towerson. 



Fantails.— 1, E. Homer. 2, J. W. Edge. ]ie,J.F. Loversidge, Newark; H, 

 Beldon. 



DaAGOONS.— 1, F. Graham, Birkenhead. 2, W. H. Mitchell, he, G. Goore, 

 Ai-Tburth, Liverpool ; J. Chadwick ; E. Horner. 



Trumpetebb.— 1, E. Homer. 2, J. & W. Towerson. he, J. Smith (2) ; H. 

 Beldon. 



Runts.— 1, J. Fisher, Barrow. 2 and he, H. Yardley. 



Any other Variety.- 1, H. Beldon. 2, E. Homer, he, H. Yardley; J. 

 Smith (2). 



' ' CANARIES. 



BELGLi>-. — YelloiO.—l and he, J. Hunt. 2, W. Jones, c. J. N. Harrison. 

 Buff —I. J.'Hunt. 2, W. Crewdson. /tc, J. Moffatt. c, J.N.Harrison. 



Mule.- 1, W. J. Stewart. 2, W. Bradlev. he, W. Arkwright. c, J. T. Mount. 



Piebald.— Ye^oip orBuiT.-l and c, W.Jones. 2, W.J. Stewart (Buff), he, J. 

 N. Harrison. 



LiZARB.— ffoi(2 and Silver'Spangled.—l, J. W. Martindale. 2, W. J. Stewart 

 f Gold-spangled), he, J. N. Harrisen. c, J. Bolton. 



" CoiTMON.- YeZloic-l and 7ic, J.Hill. 2, W. J. Stewart, c, J, S. Mount. Buff. 

 —I, 2, he, and c, J. Hill. 



Goldfinch.— 1 and he, J.N. Harrison. 2, W. Arkwright. c, A. Ainslie, 



Rabbits.— 1 and 2, W. Ark^vrigbt, Sutton Scarsdale (WTiite Back and Doe). 

 he, J. Bovle, jun., Blackburn (Himalayan Buck); J, A. Richardson, Lancaster. 

 c/j. A. Richardson. 



Judges. — PouUnj: Mr. E. Hewitt, Birmingham. Pif/cons: Mr. S- 

 Handley, Pendleton. Cananes: Mr. A. Benson, "Whitehaven. 



mate a fresh distrlbntion of prizes at any future show. I cannot, and 

 I write impartially, see how the Colchester schedule is inferior to the 

 Portsmouth one ; however, time will prove. Mr. Milliugton'a sugges- 

 tion as to the formation of a co-operative Rabbit Club would entail 

 too much trouble without affording any definite benefit to the Rabbit 

 fancy. — D. P. Qooding, Colchester. 



COLCHESTER SHOW EABBIT PRIZES. 



In commoa with many others I was sarprised to read Mr. M. Mil- 

 liu"ton'3 letter ia last week's number, in which he failed, as I am able 

 to show, to prove that the prizes for Rabbits are wrongly arranged. 

 In the first place, I am not afraid of contradiction if I say that the 

 foreign varieties are at the present time more popular than the Lop- 

 ears, as I can prove by the York Show itself. It is quite true that a 

 sum of only £3 is given to Lops, and £9 to the six different varieties of 

 fancy Rabbits, at Colchester, and even then Lops receive the greater 

 share. I will analyse the prize list and entries of the York Show to 

 prove that Mr. MilUngton cannot maintain that the Colchester prize- 

 money is not fairly divided. In Classes 7-1 and 75 the value of prizes, 

 including the cup, was £7 5s. ; entries for both classes 23. Classes 

 76, 77, and 78 had prizes value £8 15s., and only 22 entries. These 

 five classes were for Lop-eared. Now, for the fancy variety classes ; 

 there were three classes — 79, 80, and 81, and £3 15s. and a silver 

 medal as prizes, and yet there were 45 entries. Thus the Lop-ears 

 had more than four-fifths of the amount offered for the eight classes, 

 but still only an equal number of entries. In the Selling Class there 

 were more Lop-ears than any other breed, thus proving that they are 

 at a discount ii compared with the other kinds, because they are ex- 

 hibited for sale. 



I think the Colchester Committee has learnt a lesson by the York 

 Show, and framed their schedule acoowBaglJr. Mr. MiUington may 

 think everything of Lops, and nothing of any other breed, but that is 

 no reason why they should not be encouraged. Everyone admits the 

 success of the York Show, but even its Committee will, no donb', 



THE MANAGEMENT OF BEES DURINO SNOW. 



Theke is no time during the whole year that beeg require 

 more care than daring winter. Although, comparatively speak- 

 ing, it is a time of rest with the apiarian, his charges still must 

 be looked after, their wants supplied, and means which ought to 

 be prepared for every emergency during autumn applied for their 

 preservation, as it is only by this care in winter that success 

 in summer can be expected. As winter management has been 

 so often described in these pages, it is not necessary to enter 

 into details, and I will therefore confine myself to a few remarks 

 on the preservation of bees during snow. Your correspondent 

 " E. S." very wisely considers shading the best means yet 

 devised ; but even this plan is far from being entirely satisfac- 

 tory, because shading will not reduce the temperature, which 

 as a rule rises after snow, and causes the bees to seek an airing 

 outside. When they do this, shade does more harm than good; 

 it mars the bees whm returning to their hire, and very many 

 fall to rise no more. The only time when bees are in danger 

 of losing themselves ia snow is from the end of January to the 

 end of March. The worst time that we have to contend with 

 is at the termination of a long frost when deep snow has been 

 lying, which commonly occurs from the end of January to the 

 middle of February ; and when the thaw comes in a calm with in- 

 sufficient wind to lift the snow, the bees, roused by the sudden 

 rise of temperature, make a rush, and thousands fall on the 

 still cold suow to perish. It is recommended in the " Handy 

 Book of Bees" to shut them in in time of snow; where this 

 advice is taken it will prove sure destruction to the bees. Far 

 better would it be to let them alone. 



It is, moreover, recommended in the same boot to tame 

 vicious bees by placing a " scarecrow or potato bogle " in front 

 of the hive. I cannot help remarking that this is far more like 

 imagination than reality. The great Creator has made these 

 our favourites much too perfect, and their senses, of which we 

 have but a faint conception, far too acute, to be so deceived as 

 to mistake a " potato bogle " for a man. Some people declare 

 that it is not necessary to have any idea of the natural history 

 of bees in order to manage them successfully. It is true that 

 many keep and are very successful with bees who know very 

 little about their habits and natural history ; but apart from 

 this, it is highly necessary, in the case of any animal whatever, 

 to have a perfect knowledge of its natural history if we would 

 cultivate it successfully. It is particularly desirable then 

 daring winter, and whilst snow is on the ground, to assist bees 

 in accordance with their nature, and by so doing to preserve 

 their lives, which is then the great aim — not by shading, as 

 that is only a partial remedy, neither by shutting them in, 

 which means suffocation and death, but by ventilation. Have 

 your hives so made that, whenever snow appears at a time 

 when the days are getting long, the doorway can be instantly 

 closed, and the hive ventilated according to the number of its 

 inmates to such an extent that, instead of the temperature of 

 the hive being raised it shall in fact be reduced, thus keeping 

 the bees quiet and preventing any attempt to get out until the 

 weather is suitable. This is the only plan that I have ever 

 found Euocessfal, and I could give an account of its success 

 extending over a series of many years ; but, as it is easy to try, 

 I would rather let the experiment speak for itself. — A Lanaek- 



SHIRE BeE-KEEPEK. 



ROOFING FELT AND TAR. 

 I EEO to state, in answer to " A Northumeeeland Bee- 

 keeper," that I have used both, and I did not see any harm 

 result to the bees. The bee house once was coaled when the 

 weather was warm and the bees on the wing ; at first they did 

 not like the smell, and would hesitate a little, and then went 

 in. I should recommend its being done in winter time, and 

 not in warm weather, or else the bees would stick fast to the 

 tar, or get their legs and wings smeared over from alighting on 

 the painted part of the sides. The bee house I made holds 

 three hives, with a passage out through the front. The roof, 

 boarded and covered with felt, is sloping to the front, so as to 

 give more room behind for manipula'ing ; the back is closed 



