Maron 23, 1S71. ] 



JOURNAL OF HORTIGULTUiffi AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



225 



AxT OTHEB Vabiett EXCEPT Bantams.— 1, H. Beldoii (Silver-spangled Po- 

 lands). 2, W. E. Park (Crtve-CcEnr). 8, T. Dean (Polands). lie, C. Armstrong, 

 Carlisle (Golden-spangled Polands); J. Sicbel (Houdans); H. Beldon (Golden- 

 spangled Polands). c, F. Ains'svorth (Black fiambm-gli). 



Gezse.— 1, S. H. Stott, P.oclidale. 2, G. F. Stalter, Carlisle. 



TrnSETs. — 1 and Cup, L. Patten, Hillmore, Tannton. 2, N. Merkin, Great 

 Driffield, he. Mrs. Bnlterfield, Penrith. 



Ducks.— TT'/j;7tf Aijleshuru.—l, lilrs. J. DavidBon, Greenhill. Penrith. 2, Mrs. 

 Eirkett, Ainstable. Eoucn. — 1 and Cup, S. H. Stott. 2, J. Banks, Kendal. 

 he, Mrs. J. Dayidson ; W. llyers. Ulverston; J. Banks. Any varictif. — 1, C. W. 

 Brierley (Ruddy Shelldrakes). 2, S. H. Stott (Carolina), he, M. Leno (Man- 

 darin and Carolina); J. J. Waller (Buenos Ayrean). 



• Selling Class.— 1. H. Lacey (Dark Erahmas). 2, J. Sichel ("White Cochins). 

 3, J. H. Wilson (.-ipanish). i, VV. W. Kuttlidge (Silver-Grey Dorkinss). lie, J. 

 Brough (Brown lied Game) ; W. Linlow (Partridge Cochin) ; H. Beldon (Black 

 Spanish); J. B. Story, jun. (Silver-Grey Dorkings) ; Mrs. K. G. Pears, Penrith 

 (Buff Cochins), c, Mrs. K. G. Pears (Partridge Cochins). 

 LOCAL CLASSES. 



Game (Any varioty}.— 1, J. Brough, Carlisle. 2, J. DaTidBon, Penrith, he, J. 

 Bell, jun., Lazonby. 



SPA.MSH (Black).— 1, T. Storey, Alston. 2, G. F. Statter. c, 3. G. .Armstrong. 



DoBKlXGS (Any variety). — 1, W. F. Winn, Bovrerbank, Penrith. 2, Mrs. R. G. 

 Pears, he, Mrs. Birkett ; G. Hoadley. 



Cochin-Ghina (Any variety}.— 1, E. Pickering, Brampton. 2, Mrs. E. G. Pears. 



Beahma Pootras (Any variety).- 1, R. Pickering. 2, Mrs. B. Sweeten. 



Baxtajus (Any variety).— 1, R. I'ickering (Black Bantams). 2,M. Taylor.jun., 

 Penrith (Black-breasted Game Bantams). 



Any YARrETT.—l, Mrs. B. Sweeten (Golden-spangled Hamhurghs). 2, STrs. 

 Parker (Buff Cochins), lie, W. F. Winn (White Cochins); R. dickering (Buff 

 Cochins) ; J. Brough (Black Red Game) ; Mrs. E. G. Pears (Grey Dorkings and 

 Partridge cocMls). c, Mrs, Birkett (Buff Cochins); Mrs. B. Sweeten (Part- 

 ridge Cochins). 



Ducks (Any variety). — !, J. Brown, jun. (Shell Ducks). 2, R. Sanderson 

 Aylesbury), he, Mrs. E. G. Pears (Eouen). 

 PIGEONS. 



CAERrEP.3.— 1, J. & W. Towerson, Egremont. 2, H. Yardley, Birmingham. 

 lie, H. Sawyer, Carlisle. 



POUTEES.— 1, H. Beldon. 2, H. Tardley. he, 3. & W. Towerson. 



Rents. — 1 and c, H. Yardley. 2, R. Thompson, Penrith. 



Jacobins. — 1 .ind 2. R. Thompson. ?ic. J. & W. Towerson. 



FiNTAiLS.— J, H. Beldon. 2, H. Yardley. 



Teuaipetees.- 1. J. i W. Towerson. 2, H. Beldon. 



OVTLS.— 1. J. & ^V. Towerson. 2 and c, K. Thompson, he, H. Beldon. 



Nuns.— 1, J. Turnhnll, Melrose, he, H. Yardley ; W. Bearpark. 



TuREiTS.— 1 and c, E. Thompson. 2, J. Turnbull. he, H. Beldon ; J. & W. 

 Towerson (2). 



Bases, —1, H. Yardley. 2, W. Jackson, e. E. Thompson. 



TU3IELEES.— ^!mo;td. — 1, H. Beldon. 2, F. Moor, Barnley. he, H. Yardley. 

 Any variety. — 1, F. Moor. 2, J. &, W. Towerson. 



AXT Vaelett.— 1, H. Yariiley. 2, J. Watts, he, H. Beldon ; J. & W. Tower- 

 son ; R. Thompson. 



Selling Class.— 1, R. Thompson. 2, H. Sawyer (Black Trumpeters). 

 CANARIES. 



Belgian.— YeiZoip.-l, J. Brown, jun. 2, W. Askins. c, R. Kyan, Penrith. 

 Buff. — 1, R. Carr, CarUsle. 2 and c, T. Richardson, Kirkoswald. he, J. Brown, 

 Jan., Penrith. 



Mules.— reZZow.— 1, J. Eohson, Bedlington. 2, W. Moor, Kirkoswald. Buff. 

 — 1, J. Robson. 2, E. Carr, 



SiNGiNo BiED (Any variety).—! and 2, J. Brown, jun. (Yellow, with Green 

 Cap), e, W. Stalker, Penrith. 



Rabbits. — Lop-eared.— \. C. Gravil, jun., Thome. 2 and he, F. S. Arkwright, 

 Sutton Scarsdale. Any variety.—l, S. G. Hudson, Hull. 2, D. P. Gooding, 

 Colchester, lie, C. Gravil, jun. c, G. T. Hardman (Silver-Grey); S. Green- 

 wood, Hebden Bridge ; S. G. Hudson. 



Mr. E(iward Hewitt, o£ Birmmglaam, and Mr. Eicliard Teebay, of 

 Preston, were the Judges. 



NOTES FROM MY CANARY ROOM.— No. 2. 



Before getting any bir(3s, a suitable house properly furnished 

 must be provided for the young couple. If it be intended to 

 put up a single pair in a quiet corner of the breakfast room, 

 that yon may enjoy the pleasure of seeing thein give their little 

 family their breakfast while you are having yours, then an 

 ordinary breeding cage such as is supplied by the London 

 dealers will suffice, and being usually made of mahogany or 

 other ornamental wood, is by no means an unsightly ornament 

 to the walls. Such, however, is not the description of cage 

 used by those who embark more freely in Canary-breeding. My 

 cages cover the walls of my room, and have from two to twenty 

 compartments. The best dim'ensions for each compartment 

 are 18 inches long, 16 inches high, and 10 inches from back to 

 front, wired with No. 16 wire at the distance of half an inch 

 from centre to centre — that is, if the holes are pricked exactly 

 half an inch apart, the space between the wires will be some- 

 what less, and just the required width for safety and strength. 

 The door should be not less than one-third the height of the 

 cage, large enough to admit the hand with a pot of green food, 

 or to allow of free motion in the inside when a good white- 

 washing is necessary, which is at the beginning and end of 

 every season. Mix some common whiting with thin paste till 

 it is of a consistency just thin enough to work freely with the 

 brush, and thoroughly paint the interior with the composition, 

 working it well into all the cracks to give the red mites, which 

 often pester the Canary, no home. Let there be two stout 

 perches from back to front, about 6 inches apart, and projecting 

 an inch or two through the wires to admit of their being grasped 

 when a change in their position may be necessary, or for re- 

 moving them now and then to give them a scrape and a rub, 

 for nothing is more injurious to a bird's feet than a dirty perch. 



The nest must be hung up at the back of the cage between 

 the two perches and about on a level with them, and may 



either be a wood box about 3J inches square and 2 inches deep, 

 such as can be had at any bird shop, or it may be of tin or of 

 unglazed earthenware, which cannot be had in a general way at 

 any shop, at least I think not. I believe the tin and pot nests 

 are peculiar to the north. We, having potteries on the banks 

 of the Wear, can obtain sundry little things made to order, and 

 these unglazed nests among them. Very neat and pretty they 

 are, snowy white, cool and ornamental withal. Supply mosa 

 and soft doe hair, and the hen will soon build herself a beau- 

 tiful nest in the wood box. If a tin or pot nest be used, line it 

 with a piece of saddler's felt. There are two or three kinds of 

 which I do not know the trade names ; but what I use is brown., 

 about three-eighths of an inch thick, tough and strong, but it 

 splits easily into two thicknesses. Cut this into circular pieces,, 

 notch the edges, and fit into the nest box, fastening it through 

 the holes in the bottom if it be of tin, or with stiif paste if the 

 pot nest be used. Supply moss and hair, and the hen will 

 line the artificial nest accordiDg to her own ideas of comfort, 

 or, if no extra material be furnishei3, she will work the felt 

 alone into proper shape. The advantage possessed by the arti- 

 ficial over the natural nest is, that it can more readily be 

 changed if infested by red mites. 



One more glance at the outside of the cage. The seed and 

 water-hole arrangement is too well known to need any descrip- 

 tion ; but when a cage consists of two or more compartments 

 the seed-hoppers must be so arranged as to be get-at-able from 

 two divisions at once. For a sitting-room the ordinary glass 

 bottle for seed and water is the best arrangement, as the 

 closed-in head prevents either from being scattered on the floor,, 

 but on a larger scale tin water-vessels to hook on and ofi are 

 most generally used. 



A correspondent writes me that the great art of teaching is- 

 to endeavour to realise the utter ignorance of the pupil. Quite 

 right. No elementary teaching can bo too simple, and he is 

 the best teacher who can best adapt his teaching to the capacity 

 of his pupil. I am writing for those who, I take for granted, • 

 are entirely ignorant of the subject, and learned critics must 

 not say, " Why, everyone knows this and everyone knowa 

 that ! " It is a great mistake ; everyone does not know it. 



Having cleaned, sanded, and seed-and-watered your cage, 

 hang it against the wall in a light pleasant corner ; sit down 

 in front of it and admire it, and next week I will tell you what 

 to put in it. — W. A. Blaksiox. 



WOODBRIDGE CANARY SHOW— ANOTHER 

 PRIZE LIST EXTRAORDINARY. 



A short time ago an article appeared in the Journal relative to the- 

 result of the cnp competition at a northern show. The arguments 

 therein adduced were to my mind very concluBive. A glance at the 

 margin of the Woodbridge catalogue a^ords another evidence alike of 

 the absurdity and injustice of giving a value to commendations in a 

 cup competition. I will present two scores, and ask any person wh& 

 imderstands what high-class Canaries and Mules are which is the 

 better of the two ? Mr. Ashton sends twelve birds and wins seven 

 prizes — viz., 3 first prizes ^ IS points ; 4 second prizes = 16 points ; 

 ^ 34 points in prizes. Add 2 very highly commendeds ^ 4 points. 

 Total, 33 points. Mr. Fenn sends sisteen birds and wins five prizes — 

 viz., 3 first prizes = IS points ; 2 second prizes ^ 8 points ; = 26 points- 

 in prizes. Add 7 very highly commendeds ^ 14 points. Total, 

 -10 points. The absurdity is so self-evident as to need no demon- 

 stration. The injustice is equally patent. I wonder how any thinking 

 body of men can commit themselves to the issue of a schedule ofiering 

 a trophy to be competed for on such an unfair footing, virtually 

 making it a gift not to the winner of the greatest number of prizes, 

 but to the man who, without winning a single prize, can still carry off 

 the prize of prizes. Of all the anomaUes in connection with our bird 

 shows this is the greatest, and requires to be attacked unflinchingly, 

 striking as it does at the root of all meritorious competition. 



I could make a few comments, too, upon the judging, though I am. 

 always inclined to be liberal in the extreme in this respect. But my 

 charity is frozen in face of the fact that a Silver Lizard which has 

 been exhibited nine times this season, not only in provincial shows, 

 but at the Crystal Palace, where it stood for the ninth time a peerless 

 unbeaten gem, should at Woodbridge be left out in the cold ; while 

 another, which could approach it no nearer than by a very high com- 

 mendation, and which was referred to by one of our ablest judges iQ 

 a review of the Palace Show as being so hazy and indistinct in it& 

 spangles as to be " in a cloud,", was at Woodbridge placed before it. — 



A COEHESPOKDEKT. 



VENTILATION OF HIVES DURING WINTER. 



Mt bees are all located in Woodbury frame hives, and have> 



for many years been exposed to full ventilation during the 



