g I. Gustav Eisen: 



llth of April. On the hardships suffered by the Spaniards we need 

 to dvvell. It will suffice to say the members of the expédition which 

 originally numbered 90 or more, soon dwindled down to about 16, 

 the others dying from scurvy and other diseases. In a few moths the 

 survivais were joined by a land expédition which had started overland 

 from Loreto, and from tbis time on the exploration of the country 

 began. 



This exploration consisted principally in an overland expédition 

 from San Diego northwards for the purpose of discovering anew the 

 bay of Monterray. This expédition which was headed by the Governor 

 Don Caspar de Pórtala, together with Don Pedro Fages and Don 

 Miguel Costansó, passed up the coast, and rnissing or passing by the 

 bay of Monterrey, finally discovered the inner bay of San Francisco. 

 It was principally during this journey that Costansó gathered his 

 information about the Indians. His opinion of the natives differs 

 considerably from that given by the missionaries, and is on the whole 

 very favorable. His account is concise and evidently reliable, and will 

 be refered to further on. There is no indication that Costansó or his 

 companions viáited the island, but he must háve gathered considérable 

 knowledge of their inhabitants as he refers to them several times in 

 an indirect way. He must háve frequently met with these hardy 

 fishermen and sailors, whose skill in navigating their conoes, and in 

 catching fish called forth the admiration of the Spaniards. The narrative 

 of Costansó being the last account we possess of the Indians before 

 they became christiauised, is naturally of greater value than that 

 given by later explores >, who merely encouutered the Indians after 

 they already had been forced to leave their native haunts and settle 

 in the missions. 



The Islands considered separately. 



San demente Island. Isla de la Vittoria (Cabrillo). The island 

 was not named by Viscaino. The island is about 18 miles long by 

 3V 2 miles wide. It is 1,964 feet high and is distant from Catalina 

 19 miles. It is visible 50 miles from the sea level. The Indians on 

 the island were known as „Kinkapar", and the island itself as 

 Harasgna (according Bancroft). 



At the time of Mofras 1838 there were yet Indians on this 

 island. „They bring from there kaolin and sulfate of iron." 



